Nutrients Removal Efficiency Assessment Of Constructed Wetland For The Rural Domestic Wastewater

The world is confronting grave environmental challenges concerning disposal of wastewater due to rapid urbanization and industrialization.The available limited freshwater is being used for both drinking and agriculture purposes,thus causing a drinking water shortage in highly industrialized countries,including China.The huge quantities of urban and industrial wastewater can be treated for the purpose of agriculture.For this purpose,many large-scale centralized wastewater treatments have long been utilized as an effective means for the treatment of wastewater in highly industrialized countries.With all these available tactics,many countries could face freshwater deterioration and even water scarcity.Generally,rural domestic sewage is one of the major factors of polluting freshwater bodies.As economically non-stable countries could not afford to build conventional wastewater treatment systems,therefore environment-friendly and cost-effective procedures have earned popularity since last decades and ecological wastewater treatment systems are used as a sound alternative to conventional treatments practices for their low energy consumption,water recyclability,environment-friendly and easy operation,and low maintenance costs.In this study,a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland system was developed and operated for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater as an ecological method analyzing the concentrations of different parameters of effluents with hydraulic loading rate 0.2 m·d-~1 and hydraulic retention time 1.25d.Six distinct economical species of vegetation plants(Abelmoschus Esculentus,Cucumis Sativus,Lactuca Sativa,Brassica,Apium Graveolens and Nasturtium Officinale)were selected for this study.Furthermore,the performance efficiencies and features of ecological treatment process(Horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland)were evaluated during two different seasons(summer and winter).Samples were collected for determination on a weekly basis.The system exhibited phenomenal nutrients removal efficiencies as Abelmoschus Esculentus achieving 87%,90%,79%,88%and 84%for total nitrogen(TN),nitrate(NO?-N),ammonium(NH?-N),total phosphorus(TP)and total suspended solids(TSS),respectively.Cucumis Sativus obtaining 85%,86%,71%,60%and 81%,while Lactuca Sativa achieving90%,87%,90%,92%and 75%for the removal of TN,NO?-N,NH?-N,TP and TSS under temperature ranging from 15? to 32?,respectively.Brassica,Apium Graveolens and Nasturtium Officinale gaining 64%,62%and 67%for TN 74%,81%and 71%for NO?-N,57%,77%and 53%for NH?-N,64%%,60%and 66%for TP and 82%,77%and 74%for TSS under temperature 4.3? to 14.6?,respectively.The concentrations of all pollutants in all effluents of all six plants grown in HSSF-CWs were lower than all influents that could be implied to the Class 1A regulated values recommended by Chinese National Standards GB18918-2002.Constructed wetlands have been used to treat various types of wastewater and their features and applications can be boosted by choosing suitable substrates.Different species of plants differ their nutrients removal efficiencies in a constructed wetland system.This study provides a profitable tool for the identification of selecting and nutrients uptake efficiency of plants.It can overcome or lessen the food and water scarcity by growing economic vegetative plants in constructive wetlands.HSSF constructed wetlands planted with Abelmoschus Esculentus,Cucumis Sativus,Lactuca Sativa,Brassica,Apium Graveolens and Nasturtium Officinale is a practicable and environment-friendly alternative technique for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater.