Detection Of Nitrogen-containing Organic Compounds In The Pods Of Asparagus Bean And Their Genetic Correlations

Asparagus bean [Vigna unguiculata(L.)ssp.sesquipedalis Verd.] is a worldwide legume crop.China is the main producing area of asparagus bean in the world.Tender pod is the edible organ of asparagus bean,and it is rich in protein,amino acids and minerals.However,there is no systematic and in-depth study on the nutritional components of asparagus bean pods,especially the qualitative and quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing nutritional components such as amino acids.Therefore,we use existing asparagus bean germplasm resources as plant material.We have carried out multi-variety(genotype)and multi-year(environment)tests to study the nutritional quality traits of nitrogenous compounds in commercial pods grown under different environmental conditions.We systematically analyze the index data characteristics and distribution of 22 traits of different varieties in different cultivation environments,correlation of traits and variety cluster.We have analyzed the data characteristics,distribution characteristics and genetic variation of nitrogen-containing chemical components in different genotypes and their interaction with the environment.Based on the characteristics of these chemical composition data,we performed genetic parameter estimation,breed clustering,and screening of specific breed resources.The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of interaction between genetics and environment on the nutritional component levels of asparagus bean plant genetic resources,and to provide technical basis for their effective excavation and utilization.In this study,304 representative asparagus bean varieties were used to carry out a three-year(2017-2019)field test and indoor biochemical composition detection.(1)According to split block design,the field test was carried out according to the variety and the year two factors,and repeated three times to provide materials for character observation.(2)Through field experiments,22 quality traits of asparagus bean species,mainly nitrogen-containing nutrients,which were detected in a systematic sampling room.A trait characteristic database is established to analyze the data characteristics of each trait and describe its varieties in the form of violin plot,frequency distribution showing the degree of variation of various traits among varieties,veendiagram displaying specific varieties of resources.(3)Perform variance analysis on the test results of multiple varieties and years according to traits,estimate genetic parameters,and clarify the influence of genetics and environment on quality traits.(4)Using experimental observation data from 2018,analyze the correlation of various quality traits.(5)After dimensionless processing of the multi-trait observation data of each variety,according to the European sum squared deviation method to cluster and the cluster groups are divided to reveal the genetic relationship of 304 asparagus bean varieties based on quality traits.The main results are as follows:(1)The coefficients of variation of water soluble protein content,threonine content,and lysine content of quality traits in 2018 are greater than 50%,and the average values are 1.27 mg/g,0.51 g/100 g,and 0.80 g/100 g,respectively.The single pod weight,isoleucine content,VC content,tyrosine content,texture,valine content,and dry matter content coefficients of variation are all greater than 30%,and the average values are19.43 g,0.45 g/100 g,18.92 mg/100 g,0.33 g/100 g,15.82 N,0.99 g/100 g,10.16%.The coefficient of variation of the other 12 traits,the minimum coefficient of variation of alanine content(0.11 g/100g)was 11.89%.According to the violin plot shows,most quality traits indicators have small differences between years,but the frequency distribution concentration of different traits varies greatly,indicating that the variety(genotype)is the main factor affecting quality traits.The intensity of environmental modification depends on the different traits.(2)The results of analysis of variance showed that there were extremely significant differences among the 22 personality traits,and the environmental variance showed different performances,but none of them reached the level of significant differences,and the interaction effect between the varieties and the environment(cultivation year)was not obvious.According to estimates,there are 10 traits with extremely high heritability,namely morphological traits(93.57%-99.00%),dry matter content(93.57%),VC content(92.83%),soluble protein content(92.43%,93.49%),aspartic acid content(60.25%),lysine content(54.27%),and tyrosine content(58.00%).This indicates that the effect of genes is mainly,and the effect of environmental modification is small.Veendiagram shows phenotypic traits,dry matter content,VC content,and protein content of specific germplasm resources in different years.(3)Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between single pod quality and pod length,serine content,glycine content and proline content,methionine content and phenylalanine content.(4)The 304 asparagus bean cultivars are mainly divided into 2 variety groups.Cluster group I is composed of 122 varieties and can be divided into 2 subgroups.Its main quality characteristics are long pods and heavy pods,with high water-soluble protein content and generally low amino acid content.Cluster group II is composed of the remaining 182 varieties,which can be divided into 3 sub-groups.Its main quality characteristics are short pods and light pods,with high alkali-soluble protein content and high amino acid content.The soluble protein and amino acid content of low-product species is generally higher.These have provided a basis for us to explore the variety resources of nitrogen-containing nutrients.It also challenges us to pursue high-yield and long-pod breeding with both high protein and amino acids.Therefore,it is very necessary to dig out varieties of resources with excellent quality of asparagus bean and comprehensively utilize them.