Ecological Safety Assessment Of Tarim River Basin Under The Background Of "One Belt And One Road" Construction

Tarim River Basin,as the core area of "one belt and one road" construction,is also an ecologically fragile area and a deep poverty area.Fragility and poverty are intertwined and coupled.How to coordinate economic development and ecological protection in the construction of "one belt and one road" is of great significance for the rational allocation of resources Tarim River Basin,and the coordinated development of "green hills and green hills" and "Jinshan Yinshan".This article can be divided into 7 chapters: the first,second chapter mainly deals with the core concepts and responsibilities of the "one belt and one road" construction through combing the relevant literatures on ecological safety assessment at home and abroad,and analyzes the dialectical relationship between ecological security and economic,social and political culture in the construction of "one belt and one road",and analyzes and fully applies the relevant ecological security theory;In the third,fourth chapter,on the basis of understanding the ecological environment,economic development and the achievements of ecological construction in Tarim River Basin in recent years,the temporal and spatial factors and driving forces(natural driving force and human driving force)of the ecological environment evolution in the Tarim River Basin are analyzed,and the impact of "one belt and one road" construction on the ecological security of the river basin is further explored;The fifth chapter passes To construct an ecological security evaluation system in line with the ecological,economic and social development of the Tarim River Basin,five prefectures in southern Xinjiang with relatively fragile ecology were selected to evaluate their ecological security by DPSIR model;In order to further analyze the ecological security situation and stability of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River Basin,the upper Alar City,the middle Luantai County and the lower Ruoqiang County are selected as the research areas,and the stability of the ecological security system is measured and analyzed by the method of ecological network analysis(ENA).In the seventh chapter,based on the conclusion above,the Tarim River is put forward.In the future,the river basin will promote the regulation of ecological security in the construction of "one belt and one road",which will provide a basis for coordinating the ecological environment and economic development of the basin,and lay a solid foundation for the orderly implementation of the "one belt and one road" construction.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the basic situation of the "one belt and one road" construction,and discriminating the dialectical relationship between ecological security and economic,social,cultural and political security,this paper analyzes the ecological environment and economic and social development of Tarim River Basin,and finds that in recent years,the resource environment has improved significantly in a series of ecological treatment projects,and desertification control and saline alkali treatment have also been improved.Good results have been achieved in management of water resources and soil erosion,but the fragility of ecosystem itself makes its carrying capacity and elasticity still low,and the pressure supporting capacity for population growth and economic activities is weak.(2)The main driving forces affecting the ecological environment evolution of the Tarim River Basin arenatural driving forces,human driving forces and policy and cultural driving forces.Among them,frequent natural disasters,lack of water resources,extensive land use and production methods,unreasonable irrigation methods lead to salinization of oasis land,which makes the watershed ecosystem pressure greater.It is worth noting that if the river basin ecosystem and economic and social system can not coordinate the sound development,the poor areas in southern Xinjiang will be difficult to get rid of the vicious circle of "poverty-ecological environment destruction-poverty".We should combine harnessing the ecological environment with poverty alleviation and development,apply the "two mountains theory" to the ecologically fragile areas of the river basin,and avoid the fragile resources and environment engulfing the achievements of economic development,so that the people who have never been out of poverty fall into poverty again.(3)Applying DPSIR model to evaluate the ecological security of five prefectures in southern Xinjiang in the ecologically fragile area of Tarim River Basin.It is concluded that from 2012 to 2016,the ecological security situation in the five prefectures of Southern Xinjiang showed obvious fluctuations,and the security level changed from severe early warning to moderate and mild early warning,and then to moderate early warning again in 2016.With the increasing of driving force(D)and pressure(P),the opening and interconnection of domestic and foreign markets,the demand for agricultural by-products,textiles and other products increases,the impact of driving force(D)and pressure(P)comprehensive index increases,and the five subsystems interact and restrict each other.In this regard,it is of great significance to coordinate the functional relationship among subsystems,ensure the benign and sustainable development of eco-economy-society,take environmental protection into account while improving the quality of economic development,and protect "green water and green mountains" and develop "Jinshan and Yinshan".(4)By analyzing the structure and stability of the ecological security system in Alar,Luntai and Ruoqiang counties in the upper reaches of the Tarim River Basin,it is found that the ecological security system in the fragile typical areas of Alar,Luntai and Ruoqiang has formed a good channel capacity C,which can be transformed and consumed in the face of their own vulnerability and the impact of human activities.However,the transformation and consumption capacity of high-intensity economic development activities are insufficient;the degree of ecosystem aggregation A and system redundancy E are not high in the three counties(cities)from 2012 to 2016;the ability of material information exchange in the ecosystem is insufficient,the flow path is single,and the structural stability is poor;the utilization rate of ecosystem safety system(A/C)in the three counties(cities)is high,the idle rate(E/C)is low,and the ecosystem is unstable.The metabolic pathways of material information between safety systems are concentrated,and the development of network is slow.In this regard,we should focus on improving the ability of response R to alleviate pressure P,optimizing the performance of response measures,strengthening the restoration of the natural environment of the river basin,paying attention to the pulling capacity of "influence I" to "response R",and improving the emergency response measures for natural disasters in the river basin.To ensure the economic and social development of the Tarim River Basin while taking into account the ecological safety,the "one belt and one way" construction needs to plan and formulate the development route of the two mountain theory in the basin,establish a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism,speed up the construction of the main functional areas in southern Xinjiang Based on the characteristics of the river basin,and promote the coordinated development of the ecological and economic development in the Tarim River Basin.