| Ecosystem services connect human social needs with various natural ecosystems in the process of interaction.Analyzing the spatio-temparal characteristics of ecosystem services and studying their trade-offs and synergies,it has important practical significance for the sustainable development of the ecological balance adjustment of urban agglomerations.In this study,Chengdu urban agglomeration was selected as the research area,using the In VEST model,combined with spatial analysis,spatial statistics and spatial mapping tools of Arc GIS software,to quantitatively evaluate the four types of ecosystem services in the food supply,water conservation,carbon storage and soil conservation of the Chengdu urban agglomeration in the past10 years(2005-2015).At the same time,the characteristics of the spatial and temporal changes of these four ecosystem services are analyzed.Based on the assessment results of ecosystem services,the correlation analysis and hot spot analysis are used to discuss the relationship between the four types of ecosystem services,and to identify the multiple hot spots in the study area.The main achievements and innovations are as follows:(1)The In VEST model is revised and parameter verified according to the regional differences in natural resources,geological and geomorphological forms,and planning policies for land resources,so that the model evaluation results are more suitable for the Chengdu urban agglomeration.The spatial mapping of the evaluation results of the ecosystem services of Chengdu urban agglomeration was carried out,and the results were visualized in space.The research results show that the temporal and spatial dynamics of Chengdu urban agglomeration ecosystem service evolution are as follows:the food supply services of the Chengdu urban agglomeration in the past 10 years have changed over time,first increasing and then decreasing.Water conservation,carbon storage and soil conservation services have a more consistent spatial distribution pattern,all of which show a decline from southwest to northeast,and high-value areas of food supply services are distributed in the east and middle.(2)Gi* hotspot analysis shows that the cold spot and hotspot agglomeration spatial characteristics of the urban agglomeration ecosystem services in Chengdu are highly consistent.The high-value agglomeration areas for food supply are mainly located in the east,and the low-value agglomeration areas are mainly in the west.The spatial distribution of cold spots and hot spots in other three types of ecosystem services is opposite to that of food supply services,that is,high-value agglomeration areas are located in the west,and low-value agglomeration areas are mainly located in the east.Through hot spot analysis,the spatial strength of the urban agglomeration ecosystem service capacity in Chengdu is classified,providing a scientific basis for regional ecological spatial planning.(3)According to the correlation analysis results,from the perspective of the overall regional scale:soil conservation and water conservation,soil conservation and carbon storage,water conservation and carbon storage all show a synergistic relationship.There are trade-offs between soil conservation and food supply,water conservation and food supply,carbon storage and food supply.From the perspective of the city scale:the relationship between carbon storage and food supply services is mainly a trade-off relationship,and the ratio of the trade-off and synergy between water conservation and food supply services is 2:1.Water conservation and carbon storage services,carbon storage and soil conservation services are mainly synergistic.The relationship between soil conservation and water conservation services is a trade-off and synergy ratio of 2:3.The identification of multiple hotspots indicates that the ecosystem service hotspots are mainly distributed in Leshan and southwest of Ya'an.The above results indicate that there are spatial heterogeneities in the trade-offs and synergy between ecosystem services at the regional and city scales.Finally,strategies and suggestions for ecological space optimization are proposed from the regional and city scales.Through the evaluation and analysis of the four types of ecosystem services in Chengdu urban agglomeration,the supply capacity of Chengdu urban agglomeration ecosystem services,and the spatial variation and distribution characteristics of its trade-offs and synergies are revealed.It provides a theoretical basis for the land use management,ecological spatial planning and ecological red line delineation of the Chengdu urban agglomeration,and provides assistance for the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the Chengdu urban agglomeration. |
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