Characterizing Full Matrix Constants Of Piezoelectric Materials By Ultrasonic Resonance Spectroscopy

The precise determination of the full matrix constants(elasticity coefficients,piezoelectric coefficients,and dielectric coefficients)of piezoelectric materials is very important to people who are engaged in piezoelectric materials and their application in acoustic devices.UP to date,the most widely used methods for determining the full matrix constants of piezoelectric materials are the electrical resonance and the ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques proposed by the IEEE piezoelectric standard.Multiple samples with drastic geometric sizes should be used in these techniques to determine the full matrix constants of piezoelectric materials.The biggest drawback of thecharacterization technique based on multiple samples is that the result probably be inconsistent.In this paper,the ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy(RUS)technique is used to determine the full matrix constants of piezoelectric materials.The RUS technique requires only one sample to characterize the full matrix constants of piezoelectric materials.Therefore,the self-consistency of the determined results is guaranteed.In the past two decades,a new type of high-performance piezoelectric material-relaxor ferroelectric single crystals,such as lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate(PMN-PT)and lead niobium indium-lead niobium magnesium titanate-lead titanate(PIN-PMN-PT),,has received a lot of attention due to its ultra-high piezoelectric performance.Research in this field has developed rapidly.These piezoelectric single crystals are revolutionary for the development of next-generation high-performance sensors and transducers.The characterization of macroscopic and microscopic material properties is always one of the important works in the research of relaxation ferroelectric single crystals.In this paper,the basic theory and implementation scheme of the RUS technique for characterizing the full matrix constants of piezoelectric materials are introduced firstly.Further,the RUS techneque is used to characterize the full matrix constants of piezoelectric ceramics(PZT-8),[111]c poled PMN-28PT single crystal,and[011]c poled PIN-43PMN-29PT single crystal.The self-consistency of the results is verified.All of the above materials have high mechanical quality factor(QM).Therefore,it is very suitable to determinate their full matrix constants using the RUS technique.The results in this paper will promote the development of the techneque for characterizing the full matrix constants of the advanced piezoelectric materials.