Optimal Road Geometry Aware Node Placement For Hybrid VANET-Sensor Networks

While the automobile industry and wireless sensor network technologies evolving rapidly,Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)have attracted worldwide attention in academic communities as a crucial part of Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).Through Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle-to-Road side unit(RSU)(V2R)communication,VANETs could support drivers getting beyond-line-of-sight information about other vehicles and real-time traffic.Hence,VANETs can improve traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion,and RSU plays a key role in VANETs.However,the large-scale use of RSU could bring a high-cost burden due to the cost of RSU.In recent years,Hybrid VANET-Sensor Networks have attracted lots of attention,because it can reduce the number of RSU nodes and the cost of road layout greatly under the premise of ensuring road coverage rate.This paper focuses on the total cost of RSU and sensor node deployment,and considers the Quality of Service(QoS)factors such as the number of hops of RSU and the capacity of RSU to realize the optimal deployment of RSU and sensor nodes on the two-lane road.Taking advantage of Hybrid VANET-Sensor Networks and also meeting the requirements of QoS can effectively reduce the deployment costs and decrease the transmission interference.In this paper,a mathematical model of solving the multi-objective optimization is established based on the different road conditions.A Correlation Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(Correlation PSO)is proposed based on the adjacency matrix.The experiments show that the Correlation PSO algorithm in different road scenarios can optimize the road layout,and provide the specific plans to implement the layout.As the result show,the coverage rate of each plan reaches 98%or above,meanwhile all the nodes can meet the requirements of QoS.