The Nozzles Pelton Model Turbine Design And Test Research

With the development of hydropower sources,the Pelton turbine is getting more and more attention all over the world.Pelton turbine is the key development object of super high head hydropower stations in China in future.At present,many domestic designers have developed the hydraulic design of Pelton turbines.Test benches for Pelton turbines is the most effective method to verify the design of the Pelton turbine.However,in the past,the control of nozzle of model Pelton turbine is achieved by manual,for which the control precision and the work efficien cy is relatively low.To develop a high performance Pelton turbine,it is necessary to design a special test platform with high accuracy with automatic function.Where in the import part of a special test platform is to achieve high exact flow control.In this paper,regarding the project acceptance test of a hydropower station,the test platform with multi nozzle servo control system in high precision was designed.Main contents of the present paper are:For the hydraulic turbine model test of Harbin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery,electro-hydraulic servo principle was used to design multi nozzle serve system,which includes the design of nozzle structure,mechanical part and control part of electro-hydraulic servo system.To verify the correctness of the designed multi nozzle hydraulic control system,a math model was established.The software Lab VIEW was used to simulate the characteristic of the control system.To satisfy the precision requirement in displacement control of hydraulic control system,PID controller based on optimized genetic algorithm was designed.Dynamic characteristic simulation and experiments were carried out,which reveal that the multi nozzle control system has high precision(less than 0.05mm)and greatly improve the workin g efficiency.For the Pelton turbine of the Ecuador projection,CFD numerical simulation technology was used.The software UG was used to model the numerical model,while the ANSYS ICEM was employed to create the mesh of the Pelton turbine.Numerical simulations of water distribution pipe,nozzle,hydraulic turbine and other components were carried out through the ANSYS CFX.The analysis verifies the correctness of the Pelton turbine design.Through the multi nozzle control system,the acceptance test of Ecuador project was conducted,which include the efficienty test,runaway speed test and flow observation test.The experimental results verify the reasonabil ity of the numerical simulation.With diffirent maching relationship of nozzle numbers,the highest efficiency of model turbine is more than 90%.The studies above show that the designed Pelton turbine meets the demand of the Ecuador project,and pass the projection acceptance at last.