| In the process of urbanization,commercial parks have gradually become the main energy consumption entities.The construction of multi-energy complementary and supply-demand interactive commercial park microgrids can realize the mutual conversion of various energy sources and the organic integration of various distributed energy sources,alleviate the pressure of energy supply,and is an important part of the ever-developing energy internet.At the same time,power industry restructuring promotes the development of a fair and competitive electricity market.Commercial users are not only passive price takers in an electricity market,and their interests should also be fully considered when optimizing the operation of the park microgrid.Given the above background,this thesis carries out the following research work:1)Studies on optimal operation of a combined heat and power commercial park microgrid with concentrating solar power plants considering demand response.A concentrating solar power plant is first proposed to support the system operation in a combined heat and power(CHP)commercial park microgrid,in which a wind power station,an electrical energy storage device,and an electric heater are equipped.Then,retail electricity prices and retail heating prices in the microgrid are utilized as signals to induce commercial users to participate in the demand response program concerned.The demand price elasticity matrix is employed to model the responses of the participated electrical loads and thermal loads in the demand response program.On this basis,considering the uncertainties of wind power and solar power outputs,a fuzzy chance constrained programming model is established with an objective of maximizing the operational benefit of the microgrid.The model is next simplified,and a mixed integer linear programming model attained and solved by the well-developed commercial solver CPLEX.Finally,a sample commercial park microgrid system is served for demonstrating the presented model and method for a typical winter day and a typical summer day.2)Studies on demand response management of commercial buildings considering correlated weather uncertainties.First,the demand response management framework of commercial buildings including the heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)system,the lighting system and the photovoltaic array is constructed.Then,the HVAC system model with temperature comfort and air quality considered,and the lighting system model with indoor lighting brightness comfort considered are established respectively.On this basis,the Nataf transform based 2M+1 point estimation method is used to simulate the influence of the correlated uncertainties of solar radiation and illumination on the commercial building users' demand response management.After that,the bilinear variables in the HVAC model are linearized by the McCormick relaxation,thus a mixed integer linear programming model is developed with the objective of electricity purchasing cost minimization,which can be solved easily by CPLEX solver.Finally,an office building is taken as an example to illustrate the basic characteristics of the proposed method.3)Analyses on Stackelberg game based the pricing strategy of commercial park microgrid operators.On the basis of the commercial users' model in the previous chapter,a Stackelberg game model is established considering the interests of both microgrid operators and commercial users,and a win-win real-time retail price strategy is proposed.Then,Karush-Kuhn-Tucke conditions and the strong duality theory are applied to transform the model into a mixed integer linear programming problem.Finally,the feasibility and validity of the proposed pricing strategy are verified.Finally,the preliminary research is summarized,and future research prospects and discussion in this field are pointed out. |
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