Preparation Of Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cell And Its Resource Utilization

Nowadays,organic-inorganic perovskite materials?ABX₃,A=Cs,CH₃NH₃,NH=CHNH₃,B=Pb,Sn;X=Cl,Br I?has been widely applied to perovskite solar cells?PSCs?.The certified efficiency of PSCs is 22.1%.As the light absorption materials,perovskite layer can be prepared by solution method and annealed at 100 ^? for crystallizing,making it occupy some market of solar cells.Compared with metal electrode-based PSCs,carbon-based PSCs shows a superior advantage in stability and cost,which makes it possible for commercialization.However,the efficiency of carbon-based PSCs is quite low,which can not be comparable with meta-based PSCs.Thus,improving the efficiency of carbon-based PSCs can contribute to the commercialization of PSCs.The different morphology of perovskite film has influence on the performance of PSCs.The power conversion efficiency of PSCs can be improved by changing the morphology of perovskite film.We found that pinhole free and denser perovskite film is not necessary for carbon-based PSCs,which is different from mental-electrode PSCs.On the contrary,porous perovskite film possesses potential superior ability to improve light scatting,absorb light as well as have more larger contact area with carbon electrode.Such ability makes carbon electrode transfer charge efficiently and thus improves the performance of carbon-based PSCs.In this paper,the carbon electrode was prepared on perovskite film with screen printed method,which simplifies the device fabrication.In addition,the method can dramatically improve the homogeneity as well as modulate the thickness of the carbon electrode,which can also provide a direction for large area preparation of carbon-electrode PSCs.The rough and porous perovskite?CH₃NH₃PbI₃?film?SD film?was prepared with one step spin-coating perovskite precursor solution directly.At the same time,the pinhole and denser perovskite film?DE film?and the denser porous?NH film?with full of half open holes were prepared with one step spin coating method with anti-solvent of diethyl ether and n-hexane to modulate the morphology the film respectively.Compared with carbon-based PSCs fabricated with DE film,the device fabricated with porous SD film and NH film possess high photo-current.The efficiency of carbon-based PSCs fabricated SD film and NH film are 11.50%and 13.16%,respectively.However,the device fabricated with DE film is quite low?10.50%?.Inorganic CsPbBr₃ perovskite films were prepared by two-step solution deposition process.The thickness and crystallinity of CsPbBr₃ perovskite film improved along with the increased immersing time of PbBr₂ film in CsBr methyl alcohol solution,which helps to boost the efficiency of inorganic perovskite solar cells?PSCs?.The efficiency of inorganic solar cells has improved from 1.43%to 2.84%along with the reaction time improved from 30 min to 90min,which is attributed to the improved photocurrent.The solar cells possess superior thermal stability and photo stability.And the output of the device is stable for 60 min while being exposed to constant one-sun illumination at its maximum power point.And the efficiency of cells is 87%of its original efficiency.The efficiency keeps upon the original efficiency after being constant heating for 476 h at 100 ^?.The utilization of lead in perovskite can be achieved by the method of dissolving-precipitating.The carbon-based PSCs with structure of transparent and electric glass/compact TiO₂/mesoporous TiO₂/perovskite film/carbon electrode can be utilized in this way.The degraded CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film was firstly immersed into the dimethyl formamide?DMF?to obtain lead lixivium,and then the NH₃·H₂O was used to precipitated the lead ion to form Pb?OH?₂precipitate.The majority of lead can be extracted by NH₃·H₂O in form of precipitate.And the HI was used to react with the Pb?OH?₂ to form PbI₂.And then,the PbI₂ was used to fabricated carbon-based PSCs.As a result,according to the ICP-OES results and the calculation,the lead recovery rate is 95.7%.The results show that the efficiency of carbon-based PSCs fabricated with recycled PbI₂ is 11.36%,which is comparable to the cells fabricated with commercial PbI₂?12.17%?.The method provides a new way to utilize carbon-based PSCs and environmental protection.