| The rapid development of the aviation industry has led to an increase in the demand for jet fuel,and the energy and environmental problems caused by traditional fossil fuels have become increasingly serious.The production of jet fuel from biomass can significantly reduce greenhouse gases and relieve the greenhouse effect.At present,the production of jet fuel from biomass is in the R&D stage at home and abroad,and howoever,there exist some problems,such as resource consumption and environmental pollution in its production and utilization process.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the life cycle assessment of resource-environment-economy of biomass jet fuel.Firstly,based on the integrated life-cycle evaluation model,the two processes,which are jet fuel from biomass gasification combined with Fischer-Tropsch(FT)synthesis(Bio-FTJ)and catalytic cracking of bio-oil combined with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and olefin polymerization to jet fuel(Bio-PYJ),were studied.The Bio-FTJ was analyzed including two cases,according to the different uses of by-product steam for heat supply(Bio-FTJ-1)and power generation(Bio-FTJ-2).The indicators of environment,resource,economy and integrated performance for each process were obtained and compared with the jet fuel from petroleum(Petro-JF).The results are shown as follows.(1)The stages of growth,production and consumption have more important impact on the environment performance of biomass jet fuel(Bio-JF).Reducing energy and raw material consumption can improve its environmental performance.Compared with jet fuel from petroleum,greenhouse gas emissions of jet fuel from biomass are decreased by 50.9%~73.9%.(2)The total environmental impact loads of biomass jet fuel are varied at different perspectives,following the decreasing order of globality,regionality,equality and locality.The total environmental impact loads of Bio-FTJ-1 and Bio-FTJ-2 are 0.13 ~ 0.26 person annual/ton and 0.10 ~ 0.17 person annual/ton,respectively.The environmental performance of Bio-FTJ-2 is better than Bio-FTJ-1.The main environmental impact types of Bio-FTJ and Bio-PYJ are global warming(GWP),acidification(AP)and photochemical ozone formation(POF).Compared with Petro-JF,the total environmental impact of Bio-JF can be reduced to 26%~51%,and the greenhouse gases and acidification pollution can be significantly reduced.(3)The resource performance of Bio-JF is much superior to that of Petro-JF,and Bio-FTJ-2 has the lowest resource consumption.Compared with Petro-JF,the consumption of non-renewable resources is decreased by more than 85%.The sensitivity analysis of resources shows that Bio-JF is more sensitive to electricity consumption and material consumption.(4)The cost of raw materials,depreciation and electricity accounts for a large proportion of Bio-JF cost.Sensitivity analysis of economic cost shows that economic cost is more sensitive to material consumption rate and fixed cost.(5)Based on the integrated performance indicator,Bio-FTJ-1 presents the best integrated performance when the the carbon tax is considered.With the prospective price of jet fuel product increases,Bio-JF has more advantages than Petro-JF.Secondly,the model of data quality assessment is established,and the obtained data of the resource,environment and economy for each process is evaluated.The results show that the uncertainties of environmental impact and resource consumption of different processes are below 15%,and the uncertainties of eutrophication(EP)of both Bio-FTJ and Bio-PYJ are larger than 10%.Because the technology of Bio-PYJ is not mature,the uncertainty of GWP is up to 13%.The uncertainties of various environmental impacts and resource consumption of Petro-JF rare reduced.Finally,the integrated life cycle evaluation software for biomass conversion is developed using Java language and Eclipse tool,and using the MySQL as database management system.The function of the software is tested by two cases of biomass gasification to jet fuel(Bio-FTJ-1)and bio-oil upgrading to transportation fuel. |
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