Preparation And Sodium-Storage Performance Of Peanut-Based Derived Hard Carbon Materials

Information,materials and energy are indispensable pillar industries for social development.Lithium ion batteries have occupied most of the market in the field of energy storage,but due to the scarcity,high cost and uneven distribution of lithium minerals,so it is inevitable difficulties for the development of lithium ion batteries in the furture.Sodium ion batteries are considered to be an important alternative in lithium ion batteries,so the research on sodium ion batteries has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world.Graphite is widely used in lithium ion batteries,but shows electrochemical inertness in sodium ion batteries.Therefore,it is urgent to study other carbon materials.As one of the most important negative electrode materials in sodium ion batteries,biomass carbon material has been widely studied due to its advantages of environmental protection,renewable and low price.However,it is a difficult problem to improve the electrochemical properties of biomass carbon materials,so it is very important to explore effective methods to solve this problem.In order to obtain the biomass carbon anode material with excellent electrochemical properties,peanut skin was selected as the raw material and produces hard carbon materials with different structures through three different preparation processes in this paper.The relationship among structure,composition and performance is is studied systematically.?1?Peanut skin was used to prepare a biomass-derived carbon material with different morphology?HSY-X-500?,through controlling the temperature during two-step calcination.When applied to a sodium ion battery as a negative electrode material,HSY-1100-500 electrode showed good rate performance(428 mAh·g^-1 at 0.05 A·g^-1,194 mAh·g^-1 at 4 A·g^-1).And high reversible capacity(349 mAh·g^-1 at 0.05 A·g^-1 after 300 cycles).?2?Peanut skin was successfully used to synthesize a BDC material with surface C=O structure by a sulfuric acid-assisted carbonization and KOH activation process at 700°C in Ar atmosphere.It reveal the surface-driven sodium ion energy storage behavior,When evaluated as an anode for SIB,CAP-700-0.30 displays a good rate capacity(514 mAh·g^-11 at 0.05 A·g^-1,212mAh·g^-11 at 10 A·g^-1)and a high reversible capacity(315 mAh·g^-11 at 1 A·g^-1after 900 cycles).?3?Peanut skin was used to prepare a biomass-derived carbon material with different degree of graphitization?namely HSY-Ni-1100 and HSY-1100?,through two-step microwave hydrothermal method and heat treatment method.By controlling the addition of nickel oxalate during microwave hydrothermal process.When applied to a sodium ion battery as a negative electrode material,the HSY-Ni-1100 electrode showed 652 mAh·g^-1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.05 A·g^-1.