| Quaternary ammonium salt asphalt emulsifiers have been widely studied and applied due to their good pavement performance and properties.In this paper,a series of quaternary ammonium salt phosphate amide asphalt emulsifiers and a quaternary ammonium salt phosphate asphalt emulsifier with high yield were synthesized by using octadecylamine as the main raw material.The asphalt emulsifier is octadecyl-X-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride,where X stands for bis(2-(2’-hydroxypropyl)propyl),bis(propanamide),bis(1-(N-hydroxy-methyl)propanamide),and bis(1-(N,N-dimethyl)propanamide).The four asphalt emulsifiers were abbreviated as B1～B4,and the chemical structure of the asphalt emulsifiers was characterized by FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy),elemental analysis(EA)and 1H NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).The yield of the target product was determined by potassium ferricyanide method,and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained by studying several factors affecting the yield of the reaction.Surface tension(y),critical micelle concentration(CMC),emulsification,aggregation,adsorption properties were investigated by means of Wilhelmy hanging method,conductivity method and water separation time for the asphalt emulsifier.The Gibs equation was used to thermodynamically calculate the aqueous solution under CMC,and the saturated adsorption amount(Γcmc),adsorption area(Acmc),micelleization standard free energy(△Gm0),enthalpy change(△Hm0)and entropy change(△Sm0)were obtained.The asphalt emulsifier of octadecyl-bis(2-(2’-hydroxypropoxy)propyl)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride(product B1)was synthesized in three steps by using octadecylamine,propylene oxide,epichlorohydrin,sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials,isopropanol as reaction solvent.The optimum conditions for the third step were as follows:reaction temperature at 70 0C,reaction time for 4 hours,M(epichlorohydrin):M(octadecylamine)at 1.40.Under these conditions,the yield of product B1 reaches 85.88%.The structure of product Bi was characterized by FTIR,elemental analysis and 1H NMR.The results show that the structure of the product is the same as that of the target product.The CMC of the product Bi at the temperature of 298 K is 6.31×10-7 mol·L-1.The surface tension of aqueous solution at CMC(γcmc)is 44.21 mN·m-1.The Γcmc is 2.80×10-3 mmol.m-2 and the adsorption area(Acme)is 0.593 nm2·mol-1.The performance test by emulsification with AH-70 asphalt and mixing with aggregate shows that the product B,has good emulsification property,and the prepared asphalt emulsion has good storage stability.The product B,is a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.The asphalt emulsifier of octadecyl-bis(propanamide)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride(product 32)was synthesized in three steps by using octadecylamine,acrylamide,epichlorohydrin,sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials and isopropanol as reaction solvent.The optimum conditions for the third step were as follows:reaction temperature at 70 ℃,reaction time for 4 hours,M(epichlorohydrin):M(octadecylamine)at 1.30.Under these conditions,the yield of product B2 can reach 94.90%.The structure of product B2 was characterized by FTIR,elemental analysis and 1H NMR.The results show that the structure of the product is the same as that of the target product.The CMC of the product B2 at the temperature of 298 K is 1.46×10-5 mol·L-1.The surface tension of aqueous solution at CMC(γcmc)is 37.78 mN·m-1.The cmc is 2.72×10-3 mmol·m2 and the adsorption area(Acmc)is 0.611 nm2·mol-1.The performance test by emulsification with AH-70 asphalt and mixing with aggregate shows that the product B2 has good emulsification property,and the prepared asphalt emulsion has good storage stability.The product B2 is also a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.The asphalt emulsifier of octadecyl-bis(1-(N-hydroxymethyl)propanamide)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride(product B3)was synthesized in three steps by using octadecylamine,N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide,epichlorohydrin,sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials and isopropanol as reaction solvent.The optimum conditions for the third step were as follows:reaction temperature at 75 ℃,reaction time for 5 hours,M(epichlorohydrin):M(octadecylamine)at 1.30.Under these conditions,the yield of product B3 can reach 95.91%.The structure of product B3 was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR.The results show that the structure of the product is the same as that of the target product.The CMC of the product B3 at the temperature of 298 K is 4.60x 1 0-6 mol·L-1.The γcmc is 33.11 mN·m-1.The Γcmc is 1.91 ×10-3 mmol m-2 and the adsorption area(Acmc)is 0.870 nm2·mol-1.The performance test by emulsification with AH-70 asphalt and mixing with aggregate shows that the product B3 has good emulsification property,and the prepared asphalt emulsion has good storage stability.The product B3 is also a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.The asphalt emulsifier of octadecyl-bis(1-(N,N-dimethyl)propanamide)-(3’-sodium phosphate-2’-hydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride(product B4)was synthesized in three steps by using octadecylamine,N,N-dimethyl acrylamide,epichlorohydrin,sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials and isopropanol as reaction solvent.The optimum conditions for the third step were as follows:reaction temperature at 70 ℃,reaction time for 5 hours,M(epichlorohydrin):M(octadecylami-ne)at 1.40.Under these conditions,the yield of product B4 can reach 95.65%.The structure of product B4 was characterized by FTIR,elemental analysis and 1H NMR.The results show that the structure of the product is the same as that of the target product.The CMC of the product B4 at the temperature of 298 K is 1.15 x 10-6 mol·L-1.The γcmc is 27.72 mN·m-1.The fcmc is 4.57×10-3 mmol m-2 and adsorption area(Acmc)is 0.364 nm2 ·mol-1.The performance test by emulsification with AH-70 asphalt and mixing with aggregate shows that the product B4 has good emulsification property,and the prepared asphalt emulsion has good storage stability.The product B4 is also a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier. |
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