Development Of Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker System

Background Cardiac pacemakers use microelectronics to simulate electrophysiological functions such as cardiac impulses and conduction,stimulating the heart with low-energy electrical impulses to stimulate arrhythmias,which are used to treat bradycardia and slow heart rate.the goal of.Dr.Hyman of the United States invented the world’s first pulse generator in 1930.This spring-driven,triboelectric pulse generator weighs 7.2 kg and has a simple frequency adjustment function.In recent decades,with the continuous advancement of medical technology,electronic technology,materials and energy technology,cardiac pacemakers have also achieved tremendous development.Today’s pacemakers are more comprehensive,with higher performance,lower quality and smaller size.It has become a highly sophisticated technical instrument for the treatment of bradycardia,including sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block,and has saved the lives of millions of patients.China’s research on cardiac pacemakers started in the 1960 s.After more than 50 years of development,although it has achieved corresponding development,there is still a big gap compared with foreign advanced pacemaker manufacturers.Foreign manufacturers have long occupied the dominant position in the pacemaker market.In recent years,with the accelerated pace of people’s life and the aging of the population,the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing,the number of patients with arrhythmia and heart failure is increasing year by year,and the demand for pacemakers in China will continue to increase.All of us need to conduct a more in-depth study of pacemakers and improve them based on traditional pacemakers.Objective To design a new single-chamber pacemaker system,which consists of a cardiac pacemaker and a programmable controller.On the basis of the function of the traditional pacemaker,the wireless charging function is realized to extend the working life of the pacemaker.Methods The cardiac pacemaker is based on an ultra-low-power microprocessor design.The whole circuit is designed with an ECG detection module,a pulse delivery module,a battery monitoring module,a wireless communication module,and a wireless charging receiver module.The program controller circuit includes an MCU main control module,a data storage module,an LCD display module,a wireless communication module,and a wireless charging transmission module.The wireless communication module in the pacemaker system is based on the Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE)design to ensure the security of data transmission with low power consumption.Results The ECG signals detected by the electrode wires need to be amplified and filtered first,then processed and analyzed by the microprocessor,which can adjust the next pulse release through the analysis results.The pulse amplitude can be adjusted from 1.0 to 8.0V.The wide adjustable range is 0.5~1.5ms,and the pacing frequency can be adjusted from 30 to 160PPM(Pulses Per Minute).The program controller can exchange data with the pacemaker through the wireless communication module in vitro and save relevant data.In addition,the programmer can also control the start and stop of the wireless charging function.Conclusion This project designed a cardiac pacemaker system based on microprocessor design.Based on the traditional cardiac pacemaker function,it can finely adjust the pacing pulse amplitude,pulse width and pacing frequency,and wireless in vitro.The charging function can effectively extend the working life of the pacemaker,reduce the number of times the patient replaces the pacemaker,and reduce the economic burden on the patient.