Comparative Study On Plant Landscape Of Yuanmingyuan Of Current And Its Prosperous Period

Yuanmingyuan was the treasure of Chinese traditional garden arts,which has been ruined in the last century.Landscape terrain of which have been rehabilitated in last 30 years,well its vegetation scenery has not been well planned.This dissertation focuses on the plant landscape of Yuanmingyuan Ruins.Based on the investigation and historical research of plants in Yuanmingyuan,the paper summarized the plant landscape difference between current time and in its prosperous period.This research project provided suggestions on plants species selection of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins,and provided a research idea or method to landscape design of the national ruins park in the future.The main results were as follow:(1)There were 158 kinds of plants materials probably present in Yuanmingyuan of its prosperous time.Yuanmingyuan "forty landscape" a total of 79 kinds of plants were identified,of which 44 species were recognized from Forty Pictures of the Old Summer Palace.Pinus tabuliformis,Salix matsudana,Prunus sp.were 3 dominant landscape tree species of Yuanmingyuan in its prosperous time.52 species were recognized from European Palace Twenty Scenes Graph,of which 9 species match with historical photograph.Pinus tabuliformis,Sabina chinensis,Sophora japonica,Salix matsudana were 4 dominant landscape tree species of European Palace scenic region in its prosperous time.The characteristics of the plant landscape in the historical period include:the landscape of the plant on the landscape skeleton is mostly in the form of the natural plant community;the plant landscape was rich in the scenic region where the plant was the main scenic spot.European Palace scenic region used the Western classical garden plant landscaping techniques,such as green sculpture,flower beds,green walls and so on.(2)There were 223 species plants in Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park by 2016,belonging to 72 families,157 genera.There are 100 species of woody plants in Yuanmingyuan,including 74 species of Fuhai scenic region and 58 species of JiuZhou scenic region.There are 95 species of woody plants in Changchun Yuan,of which 60 species are in the European Palace scenic region and 60 species of woody plants in Qiyun Yuan.There are 15 ancient trees preserved from Qing dynasty.The plant method of Yuanmingyuan are mostly natural type,the structure level is relatively rich.Landscape trees are planted on the scenic spots where the archaeological sites of the building are completed.The European Palace scenic region plant landscape is not very well.(3)Except for 15 ancient trees,most plants are replanted in last 70 years.There are 223 kinds of plants in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins,of which 92 species are consistent with the historical plants list,131 species are different from the historical plants.16species of which are non-Yuanmingyuan original plants.The 66 species of the plants in the historical period have not been used in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins.The plants number match with the historical plants list of Yuanmingyuan in Yuanmingyuan Scenic Spot accounted for 78%of the total,well the European Palace scenic region accounted for 47%of the total.There only 2 spots match with its original plant species selection and planting methods in Yuanmingyuan Jiuzhou scenic region.The plant landscape recovery is not well done.The spots where its plant landscape has been restored accounted for only 24%of the total in the European Palace scenic region.There are 80 species of woody plants have been planted within 10m of the site in the European Palace scenic region,of which 15 are growing in the river and 41 are planted above the building site.(4)Provide suggestions on tree species selection of the YuanmingYuan ruins park for its plant landscape planning.Firstly,it is necessary to pay more attention on conservation and management measures of ancient trees for its historical value.Secondly,the species which shouldn’t exist in Yuanmingyuan according to historical study should be removed year by year and step by step.Thirdly,using more flowering shrubs and woody ground cover plants exist in Yuanmingyuan from its prosperous time in area where its plan landscape has not been well planned.