A Hybrid MB-FE Human Body Modeling Method And Its Application For Two-Wheeled Road Traffic Accident Analyses

Traffic accidents have caused a lot of casualties,in which the death rate of pedestrian and cyclists is much higher than the car drivers or occupants.Therefore more and more attention has been paid to how to protect the disadvantaged ones including motorcyclists,bicyclists and electric bicyclists in traffic accidents.Researchers around the world conducted few simulation analyses on two-wheeled vehicle accidents,especially when it comes to electric bicycles.Besides,most of them investigate the collision dynamic response of cyclists using multi-rigid body models,which cannot reflect the accurate biomechanics characteristics of human and the injury conditions of the victim.According to multi-rigid body dynamics and explicit finite element methods,we proposed a hybrid MB-FE human modeling method based on the multi-rigid-body dummy model library.Through comparison with the standard blunt impact tests and a real accident case,our modeling method is carefully validated.It can not only quickly generate the simulation model which allows less calculation time and high efficiency,but also accurately reflect the biomechanical response of the victim in a specific traffic accident.In addition,based on the contact theory,we construct the two-wheeled vehicle-cyclist coupling model,in which the tyre model is built to achieve the driving stability of the vehicle,and the complex interaction between cyclist and the vehicle like contact force and gripping force are also taken into consideration.In our study,three real two-wheeled traffic accidents are investigated.Using the method of photogrammetry,we obtain the initial impact position and speed of the car and the two-wheeled vehicle.Then the simulation analyses are performed for the two-wheeled vehicle-cyclist-car coupling systems.The results show that the rest positions of cyclist and vehicle after the impact in the simulations agree well with the field surveillance video and the investigation result.In addition the injury conditions of the victim are also coincident with the forensic report.It is shown that our proposed hybrid modeling method can be effectively applied to the traffic accident analysis of two-wheeled vehicles.