Research On Market Structure And Operation Method In Distribution Systems With Transactive Energy

With the increasing application of renewable energy generation and distributed energy management technology,being distributed intelligent and interactive are an inevitable trend for the smart grid,and they also bring many new challenges to the grid,such as real-time energy balance,energy trading and operation.Transactive energy,as a mechanism to promote the balance between supply and demand of the system,has mutual promotion and support with distributed energy sources and energy storage.Transactive energy is the future development trend of the energy system,and has also received extensive attention from many scholars.In recent years,with the opening of the power market,the operation and trading mechanism of the power market has become a popular topic.Transactive energy market,as an emerging type of power market,allows real-time and distributed peer-to-peer energy trading among distributed energy resources,distributed energy storage,electricity sellers and end users in the power system,and realizes the decentralization for trading decision.The operation and the trading mechanism of transactive energy market are the focus of this paper.This paper first introduces the concept,characteristics and significance of transactive energy,and the structure and trading mechanism of transactive energy market are presented.Then the relevant theories in the study of transactive energy market are introduced,especially the Lagrangian Relaxation theory,the Nash bargaining theory and the second-order cone programming theory,and the corresponding mathematical models.A bi-level programming framework for the coordination between multi-microgrid energy trading mechanism and distribution operation strategy is proposed.The bi-level framework enables distributed transactive energy trading decisions made at the multi-microgrid level and effective market clearing.Based on Lagrangian relaxation and decomposition,the lower level microgrids would model a transactive energy market.The trading behavior of microgrids is analyzed and the Lagrangian multipliers are interpreted as the price signal of the transactive energy.By applying the second-order cone programming,the upper level optimizes the power flow and reconfigures the network.Case studies considering the modified IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus system show the benefits obtained from the applications of the proposed framework and algorithm.A bi-level transactive energy trading framework is proposed to improve the energy scheduling and operating efficiency for multi-carrier energy systems which are modeled as energy hubs(EHs).In the upper level,each energy hub in the distribution system not only makes energy scheduling decisions by considering local energy supplies and demands,but also trades energy with each other to further maximize their social welfare.By applying Nash bargaining theory,the trading among EHs is modeled and the bargaining problem is decomposed into operation cost minimization sub-problem and payment bargaining sub-problem.By adopting the second-order cone programming,DSO reconfigures the network to reduce the transmission loss of the system in the lower level.Numerical studies on modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.