Design And Optimization Of Microgrid Pricing Mechanism Based On Blockchain

Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system composed of distributed renewable energy,energy storage device,load,protection device,etc.It aims to realize the efficient utilization of distributed renewable energy and solve the problem of grid connection of a large number of distributed renewable energy in various forms.With the increasing of renewable energy scale types and scale expansion,renewable energy production is characterized by instability and distribution,and buyers and sellers of renewable energy have higher and higher requirements for privacy protection.Therefore,the renewable energy market is in urgent need of a new pricing mechanism for renewable energy to promote the balance between the interests of the supply side and the demand side of the market.At the same time,it also needs a renewable energy trading platform with data security and privacy protection.Block chain is an excellent choice.Blockchain is an emerging decentralized architecture and distributed computing paradigm underlying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.The key advantages of Blockchain include decentralization,time-series data,collective maintenance,programmability and security,it has recently attracted intensive attention from governments,financial institutions,hightech enterprises,and the capital markets.Scholars in credit history,asset management,anti-counterfeiting technology,intelligent transportation and many other fields have studied the application of blockchain in their own field.This paper studies the application scenario of blockchain in renewable energy transaction of microgrid.Blockchain is conducive to solving the integrity,reliability,privacy and other important issues of diverse,large and distributed renewable energy transactions and data exchange.In the microgrid renewable energy business,blockchain can commercialize trust,enabling automated smart contracts to support transactions based on predefined rules between distributed renewable energy sellers and buyers,and the transparency transaction information can be audited and tamper-resistant.Microgrid system based on blockchain can also help eliminate the third party of the renewable energy trading,reduce transaction cost,promote the development of renewable energy.This paper proposes a new pricing mechanism for renewable energy,which calculates the real-time optimal price of renewable energy based on the relationship between supply and demand of renewable energy,and balances the benefits of renewable energy buyers and sellers.In the microgrid system we designed,the seller determines the amount of new energy to sell and weighs the benefit from selling renewable energy against the efficiency of consuming renewable energy.The buyer follows the seller's lead and submits its own bid for the unit price of renewable energy.Accordingly,energy will be distributed to renewable energy buyers in proportion to their bids,and the proceeds from the sale of renewable energy will be distributed to renewable energy sellers in proportion to their sales.Through the analysis of the Stackelberg game between multiple leaders(renewable energy sellers)and multiple followers(renewable energy buyers)and the economic benefits of the renewable energy buyers and sellers,we prove that the Stackelberg game between multiple renewable energy sellers and multiple renewable energy buyers has a unique Nash equilibrium solution.The Nash equilibrium solution allows both buyers and sellers of renewable energy get the maximum economic benefits.between,make new sources of buyers and sellers can gain maximum profits,the Nash equilibrium when buyers bid for new energy defined as new energy,the optimal price.We define the buyer's bid for the renewable energy at the Nash equilibrium as the optimal price of the renewable energy.This paper also combines the renewable energy transaction of the microgrid with the blockchain,designs a renewable energy blockchain.In the renewable energy blockchain,the smart contracts generate the real-time optimal renewable energy price,and we combine the renewable energy blockchain with clique algorithm to avoid network congestion and unnecessary blockchain reorganization.Finally,a microgrid model which simulates the local renewable energy market trading scenario between 10 renewable energy prosumers and 10 renewable energy consumers was established to analyzes the interests of both sides of supply and demand.The simulation experiment shows that the new pricing mechanism proposed in the renewable energy blockchain allows both sides of supply and demand to benefit at the same time,and more efficient use of renewable energy.