| Truck transportation is the most important freight logistics method in China,which carries three-quarters of China 's transportation volume.Its rapid growth has exacerbated the probability of truck accidents.The behavioral control issues at the organizational and individual levels involved in human unsafe behavior are the most critical factors.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the causes of unsafe behavior of truck driver accidents and preventive measures.This article analyzes the causes of accidents and their path of action based on behavioral safety from the perspective of the "2-4" model theory of accident causes.The reasons for this category have been studied from different angles.In this article,we selected 84 typical truck driver accidents that occurred on highways in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2017.First,in order to avoid the interference between different organizations caused by accidental unsafe behavior,the organizations involved in the accident sample cases can be divided into four major categories {Organization of truck transportation unit,Organization of transportation of dangerous chemicals,Organization of highway unit(rescue;road administration;traffic police;owner),Organization of construction unit}.Secondly,using the "2-4" model of accident causes as a theoretical basis,an analysis method of traffic accidents specially for truck drivers was extracted.A statistical analysis of the causes of unsafe actions,causes of unsafe physical states,causes of habitual behavior,and defects of the safety management system under different organizational categories was conducted.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Reveal the regularity of truck traffic safety accidents in China.From 2009 to 2018,the number of truck accidents and fatalities in China has fluctuated,and the growth trend in recent years has been particularly noticeable.Through actual research and data acquisition,etc.,a regional law analysis of the highway truck safety situation in Zhejiang Province was carried out.In general,highway truck accidents in 2013-2017 caused an average of 191 deaths each year during the five-year period.The number of truck accident deaths accounted for an average of about 67% of highway traffic accident deaths.Regular analysis of typical cases that can be investigated in depth reveals that such accidents are heavy and extraordinarily serious traffic accidents,and exposes the truck's preference for causing trouble in the late night and early morning hours.2.An analysis method for traffic accidents of special truck drivers was determined.It uses the "2-4" model as theoretical basis,takes the incidents in the case report as research object,and effectively classifies the related organizations.From the accident to the whole incident,the occurrence of the incident is related to the organizational affiliation and related background of the personnel involved.Throughout investigation,summary,etc.,it conducts preliminary analysis on the causes of unsafe behaviors and the causes of unsafe physical conditions of relevant personnel within certain organization.Based on this,we explore the causes of the habitual behavior of truck drivers,and ultimately locate the root cause level of the missing part of the safety management system.The complete chain panel data of each accident is sorted out.Finally,the process and action path of each cause on the accident are analyzed,and conclusions are drawn.Using this method,a sample of 84 truck driver accident cases was analyzed,and the analysis results are shown in Appendix 1.In the study of the determination of unsafe actions,the organic integration is strictly carried out in accordance with the traffic laws and the high-speed traffic police violation laws and regulations.Results are shown in Appendix 2.3.Comprehensive systematic study of the behavioral causes of truck driver accidents.(1)In terms of unsafe actions,a list of causes of unsafe actions of accidents is obtained through analysis,and the action paths of unsafe actions are sorted out,and violations of unsafe actions are analyzed.The results show that there are 31 categories of unsafe actions for truck driver accidents,which are scattered among the four organization categories.Among them,the unsafe actions that directly caused the most accidents were illegal driving operations by truck drivers(35 times).However,in daily operations,the truck transport unit has not effectively supervised the safe driving operation regulations(41 times).Such unsafe actions belong to direct management employees;(2)In terms of unsafe conditions,similar to the analysis of unsafe actions,a list of unsafe conditions is obtained.There are 13 categories of unsafe physical conditions,and the most common occurrence for truck transportation organizations is the unsafe physical conditions that accidentally stopped on the road during truck transportation operations(8 times);(3)In terms of habitual reasons,for truck transportation organizations,through the correspondence between the causes of habitual behavior of employees at all levels and unsafe actions and unsafe physical conditions,we can infer the unsafe habitual behavior of employees and the main safety knowledge that is easy to lack.The results were insufficient safety knowledge(109 times),low safety awareness(187 times)and poor safety habits(181 times).There are 9 categories of safety knowledge defects;(4)In terms of the organizational behaviors,from the three aspects of safety policy,safety management organization structure and safety management procedures,the main reasons for the lack of safety management system are obtained.There are a total of 19 categories in different organizations.Among the truck transportation organizations,they mainly include unsound safety management organization relationships(41 times)and incorrect supervision driving safety regulations during transportation operations(41 times).4.From the cause analysis of accidents,it can be found that violation actions in truck drivers' accidents account for 73.4% of the total unsafe actions,among which violation operations account for 34.8%,violation actions 32.9%,and violation management 32.4%.In truck driver accidents,the violation actions of relevant personnel in different organizations have a greater impact and effect on the accident.Therefore,strengthening the implementation of existing rules and regulations;strengthening safety knowledge training for employees at all levels can effectively reduce and gradually eliminate the occurrence and impact of violation actions in the prevention of truck driver accident.5.Guided by the concept of traffic safety design and planning,summarized the characteristics and contents of truck driver accident prevention measures,and discussed the optimization and improvement trends in the field of truck traffic safety measures.Based on the behavioral safety analysis of the previous summary,a truck driver's accident risk estimation module is established,and finally a truck driver's accident prevention countermeasure mechanism is formed. |
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