Research On Operation Efficiency And Affecting Factors Of China’s High-Speed Railway

Nowadays,China’s high-speed rail transportation is developing rapidly.At the end of 2019,the operating mileage of China’s high-speed rail is accounting for more than 65% of the world’s high-speed rail mileage,and accumulating more than 10 billion passengers.Although the construction of China’s high-speed rail has reached a world-class height,the goal of whether it is in a world-class position in terms of management and operation has not been effectively studied and confirmed.The operation efficiency of high-speed rail has a direct impact on the role of high-speed rail passenger transport.Therefore,the evaluation of high-speed rail operation efficiency has become an important part of the evaluation of high-speed rail transport performance in China.Scientific evaluation of the operation efficiency of the existing high-speed railway is conducive to a better understanding of the operating characteristics of the existing high-speed railway and provides a reference for the better development of high-speed railway.The research on the operational efficiency of transportation modes can be divided into three aspects: theoretical analysis,affecting factors and empirical testing.Among them,theoretical analysis mainly involves market competition and network economy;affecting factors mainly include internal factors and external factors;the empirical test results and the verification methods are diverse.Based on the concept of efficiency in economics,this paper defines the operation efficiency of high-speed railway as the ratio relationship between input factors and output factors in the production process of high-speed railway transportation,and evaluates the timely evolution of operation efficiency of high-speed railway in China.Then the factors that affect the efficiency of high-speed railway are explored and conclusions and suggestions are drawn.Taking the domestic high-speed railway as the research object,DEA method,super efficiency method and Malmquist productivity index method are used to analyze the input-output data of 44 domestic highspeed railway companies in 13-17 years,and the efficiency value and TFP index of each company and the whole are calculated according to the regional division,and the internal laws are found out through the static and dynamic analysis perspectives.The Tobit model is used to analyze the factors affecting the efficiency.The overall operation efficiency of China’s high-speed rail in 15-17 years showed timespace disparities.According to the region,the eastern region has the highest efficiency,followed by the central region,the western region and the northeast region.The number of effective companies is relatively low,with the vast majority located in the east.Only the Guangzhou-Hong Kong High-speed Railway company and the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway company operate effectively every year.In the eastern region,some enterprises are deficient in pure technical efficiency or scale efficiency,with input redundancy or scale shortage.Moreover,the closer the company is to the city group,the higher the operation efficiency.Most companies in the central region have the situation that both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are insufficient or that pure technical efficiency is high enough,but scale efficiency is very low.The overall efficiency of the western region and the northeast region is very low,mostly due to the lack of output and the serious lack of scale efficiency.The analysis of the Malmquist index shows that the TFP index of China’s high-speed railway experienced a fluctuation trend of first decline,then increase and then decline in the period of 13-17.Some companies showed a decline in TFP index,while others all increased,and found that technological progress is the key to improve China’s high-speed rail TFP index.Tobit regression shows that the passenger transport density of high-speed railway has a positive effect on the three efficiencies.The level of regional economic development and the number of regional population play a positive role in promoting the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.The competition of expressway has a positive effect on the scale efficiency of high-speed railway.