Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Of Children’s Outdoor Activities In Existing Residential Areas In Central City Of Tianjin

The number of children in China accounts for about one sixth of the world.With the rapid development of urbanization,the health problems of urban children have become increasingly prominent.Especially the obesity rate of male children has increased rapidly,from 0.2% in 1985 to 11.1% in 2014,and the rate has increased nearly 50 times.WHO pointed out that regular outdoor activities are one of the effective ways to solve children’s health problems,and residential area is the best place for children to carry out regular outdoor activities.However,at present,the number and types of outdoor space facilities in existing residential areas in Tianjin are relatively small,and most of them neglect the actual needs of children’s health.Therefore,this paper focuses on the children’s outdoor activities space in the existing residential areas of Tianjin central city.Combining with the current theory of healthy city,this paper attempts to carry out health impact assessment research from multiple perspectives such as experts,children,guardians and so on.Firstly,this paper studies the relevant theories of healthy city,HIA tools and children’s behavioral psychology,and combs the relevant mechanisms of outdoor activity space to promote children’s health according to relevant theories.Then,combined with the outdoor space of residential area and children’s physical characteristics,on the basis of the existing healthy city and children’s activity space index system,we try to construct a four-level health impact evaluation system of children’s outdoor activity space in residential area;and give the expert system a questionnaire,and calculate the weight of each index layer through YAAHP software.The absolute weight system is obtained.Finally,on the basis of the above research,this paper investigates the children’s outdoor activities space in the existing traditional and contemporary residential areas of Tianjin central urban area.Taking the residential areas of Tianjin central urban area as examples,such as Zhongshan Gate residential area,Wangdingdi southwest residential area and Fuli City residential area,the population composition,road structure,outdoor space and location are studied.Shi carried out an analysis,and used questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews to investigate the residents’ satisfaction with the use of residential areas.From seven aspects of feasibility,usability,safety,comfort,pleasure,economy and thinking,this paper summarized the existing problems in children’s health of outdoor activity space in residential areas of Tianjin central urban area.Based on the impact path and mechanism of built environment on children’s health,the HIA evaluation results of children’s outdoor activity space in residential areas and the case experience of excellent children’s outdoor space design at home and abroad,this paper puts forward six optimization strategies: improving accessibility and grid design of children’s activity space;Usefulness is suitable for the functional design of children’s behavioral characteristics;tough measures to ensure safety and fit for children’s outdoor space;close to nature,site integration with nature;liberate children’s nature,enrich the design elements;enhance the sense of belonging,and innovate the "child-oriented" community health governance model.