Research On Preparation And Performance Of Building Insulation Materials

With the rapid development of the domestic economy,the urbanization process is accelerating,and the pressure on the growth of building energy consumption is huge,which has a serious impact on China’s carbon emission reduction plan.Building indoor energy consumption is mainly reflected in the ground,roof,doors,windows and external walls,of which the energy consumption of the external wall accounts for the largest proportion.Therefore,in order to effectively reduce building energy consumption,efficient energy saving of the external walls is very important.Lightweight and heat-insulating composite wallboards are the current development trend of building external wall.Therefore,the building materials with excellent thermal insulation have important application prospects.Based on this premise,this paper proposed the preparation of perlite and diatomaceous earth modified composite materials,preparation of silica aerogel and modified cellulose aerogel.And structural characterization of materials was studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,specific surface area and desorption Performance,Fourier infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis and other modern scientific research methods.Thin and light sample plates was prepared for thermal insulation performance test to study the thermal insulation performance.Finally,some environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials with excellent performance were obtained.（1）The impregnation method was used to modify the perlite（ExP）and diatomite（Dt）with the rare earth compound Ce（NO₃）₃?6H₂O or La（NO₃）₃?6H₂O solution,respectively.And the structural characterization proved that the modification is successful.The thermal insulation performance test results showed that:rare earth effectively improved the thermal insulation performance of perlite and diatomaceous earth.The optimal addition ratio of rare earth is 10%,and the modified materials had certain advantages in terms of morphological integrity,which fully proved that rare earth materials could be used as modified materials for thermal insulation wallboards.Considering the process problems and errors that may exist in the mold making process,the test results of the actual produced wallboard will be more obvious.（2）The SiO₂ aerogel was prepared by the sol-gel method and the vacuum freeze-drying technique.The structure characterization revealed that the SiO₂ aerogel had a grid structure.Composite samples of perlite and SiO₂ aerogel were used to prepare sample plates.According to the results of thermal insulation test,the composite samples containing 40%SiO₂ aerogel（ExP-SiO₂-40）had the best thermal insulation effect,proving that SiO₂ aerogel had good thermal insulation properties.The surface of the model after high temperature treatment had different degrees of change,indicating that the composite model had limited heat resistance at high temperature,and SiO₂ aerogel was more suitable for applications below 300℃.（3）Three modified cellulose aerogels were prepared using sol-gel method and vacuum freeze-drying technology with cellulose as raw material and inorganic foaming material as additive.It was found that the modifier made the cellulose surface irregular shape,but it did not change the inherent cellulose structure by the structural characterization.According to the thermal insulation performance test results,NaHCO₃cellulose aerogel had the best thermal insulation performance,followed by K₂CO₃cellulose aerogel and Na₂CO₃ cellulose aerogel.The morphology of the sample plates after high temperature treatment changed,and the addition of additives reduced the quality loss of the high temperature treatment to a certain extent.In addition,different proportions of NaHCO₃ cellulose aerogel were added to ExP and ExP-SiO₂-40 to prepare sample plates with different NaHCO₃ cellulose aerogel contents.The insulation performance test was conducted and the results showed that the thermal insulation performance of the sample plates with NaHCO₃ cellulose aerogel have been improved.Among them,the SiO₂ aerogel model with 5%NaHCO₃ cellulose aerogel had the best thermal insulation performance,which proved that a certain proportion of composite aerogel had good thermal insulation performance.The surface integrity of the model after high temperature treatment has changed to varying degrees,indicating that the composite material had limited heat resistance at high temperature,and was more suitable for applications below 300℃.The paper has 31 pictures,21 tables,and 78 references.