Zero-knowledge Identity Authentication Technology For Internet Of Vehicles Based On Consortium Blockchain

The Internet of Vehicles(Io V)accomplishes the monitoring of the road environment and the information sharing among vehicles through the cooperation among roads,networks,vehicles,and clouds.Eventually,it achieves effective traffic control,provides more reasonable and timely responses to vehicles,and realizes safer,smarter,and more efficient transportation.At present,there are many types and large numbers of devices in the Io V.The network environment of the Io V is complex,and there are a lot of heterogeneous networks.However,the centralized trust method manages all device identity information,and the system risk is unneglectable.Because of the poor resistance to network attacks,attackers can ultimately affect the security of the entire Io V system by centrally attacking exposed nodes,affecting the system to provide external identity authentication services,or even stealing the information of devices in the Io V.In order to meet the complex environment of car networking,this paper designs an identity authentication system for the Io V.This system achieves the overall functions of the system by combining zero knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge(zk-SNARK),consortium blockchain technology,and cryptography technology.First,it establishes consortium blockchain technology nodes for the Io V and gets access control policy through intelligent contract to avoid data flow from breaking the security management boundary,and improve the system's control over data.Second,the consortium blockchain is designed into two parts: Onchain and Off-chain,separating the verification function of the On-chain Io V platform,and lowering it to edge devices such as off-chain roadside units to improve the system's scalability and efficiency.Finally,the consortium blockchain is combined with zk-SNARK to further improve the efficiency of the system on the basis of protecting the security of private data.zk-SNARK not only plays a role in protecting data privacy,but also integrates with the consortium chain as a core component of a high-performance system.It realizes the transformation of Io V authentication from database query to cryptography commitment.According to the above design plan,a consortium blockchain test system is built based on Hyperledger Fabric,which simulates and realizes the functions of Io V equipment registration,authority management,and data fragmentation.After testing each key function and the whole of the system,under the development environment of the laboratory,it only takes 97 ms for 100 vehicles to simultaneously authenticate with the RSU.It proves that the system has high feasibility,low implementation cost and fast verification speed under the premise of identity privacy protection with the characteristics of high availability,high performance,security,and scalability.