| To explore different quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city,and their rhizosphere soil nutrients’ and other factors’ influence on the quality for Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk,to provide a basis for improving the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city,and provide basic data for the standardization cultivation of the Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk..So we studied the quality of 26 samples of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city through analysis of the medicinal properties,determination of internal components and establishment of HPLC fingerprint,and established a comprehensive quality evaluation method.And also we studied its rhizosphere soil physicochemical property and analyzed their relevance correlation.The main results were as follows:1.The appearance of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk,is cylindrical and tapering,and has obvious taproot and multiple branches.The top root has four prismatic residual bumps;Root surface is of streaking or slightly distorted longitudinal lines;Color yellow or yellowish brown;Natural fracture surface,irregular section slightly oily;Qualitative hard and brittle,easily broken;Specifically,micro bitter astringent taste.The average of root length is 19.68 cm,root stout is 25.00 mm,taproot-branch length is 5.91 cm,branched root number is 8.85 root,drying rate is 31.76%,fresh weight is 57.89 g,dry weight is 18.46 g,root volume is 59.56 mL,root density is 59.56 g/mL for different planting Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city.Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.agronomic traits are significantly different,like the root number,taproot-branch length,root stout,fresh and dry weight.But the difference in root density and root length are not significant.On the whole,among roots from different villages,roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.from Chufeng village have the heaviest weight,thickest root stout,highest branched root number,but shortest taproot-branch length.On the contrary,most of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.roots from Lameirong have the lightest weight,thinnest root stout,lowest branched root number,but longest taproot-branch length.2.The internal components of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.The average of water content is 7.81%,the total ash content is 2.87%,acid insoluble ash content is 0.25%,extract content is 27.35%,loganicacid content is 1.0873%,sweroside content is 0.2372%,gentiopicroside content is 4.2693%,swertiamarin content is 0.0278%,isoorientin content is 0.0033%,isovitexin content is 0.0401%for different planting Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city.All the contents of water,total ash,acid insoluble ash,ethanol extracts,gentiopicr-oside,loganicacid,in Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in Lijiang city could meet the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010.The average contents of ten kinds of inorganic elements in Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.of Lijiang are listed from high to low as K(5169.27 mg·kg-1),Ca(2816.64 mg kg-1),Na(1213.43 mg·kg-1),Mg(1177.64 mg·kg-1),Fe(443.02 mg·kg-1),Mn(45.0398 mg·kg-1),Zn(27.30 mg· kg-1),Cr(10.93 mg ·kg-1),Cu(8.93 mg· kg-1),Pb(0.7615 mg ·kg-1).On the whole,the water,total ash,acid insoluble ash content in G.crassicaulis from Ludian and Lameirong village is higher than that from Chufeng and Anle village.The alcohol soluble extract,polysaccharide content in G.crassicaulis from Chufeng village is the highest.The total content of 6 kinds of secondary metabolites in G.crassicaulis from Anle village is highest,the second is Ludian village,Chufeng and Lameirong village are the lowest.The total content of 6 kinds of inorganic element in G.crassicaulis from Ludan village is the highest,from Chufeng village is higher than that of Lameirong,from Anle village is the lowest.The total content of four heavy metal element in G.crassicaulis from Chufeng village is the lowest,Luddian village and Anle village are relatively,and that from Lameirong is the highest.3.The correlation between the index of Gentiana crassiccaulis Duthie ex Burd.Simple correlation analysis found that the more the longer root length,root diameter,root number,the more is to promote the accumulation of G.crassicaulis biologiocal yield,but taproot-branch length for too long will reduce the biomass accumulation.The internal components in Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.have significant influence on each other,especially between similar materials.G.crassicaulis root is thicker,dry rate is higher,and the extract polysaccharide content is higher.G.crassicaulis Roots thick is much thicker,loganic acid content is much higher.The less darker medicinal and the less extract content instead.Section of G.crassicaulis root ring is much thicker,color much deeper,and the content of swertiamain,isoorientin,isovitexin are much lower.The accumulation of gentiana macrophylla biological yield prompted most inorganic element accumulation increased.Comprehensive consideration,Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.should selection material root thick,root heavy,yellow color,section ring color shallow is preferred.4.The comprehensive quality evaluation of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.The quality of Yunnan Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk is good,according to the result of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk fingerprint similarity evaluation samples between the fingerprint of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk similarity are between 0.978～0.999,the quality is stable.Adopt comprehensive wight method(determine the appearance and intrinsic 12 indicators weights)and combine DTOPSIS method to evaluation quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk,found the comprehensive quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk in no.8 point which from Chufeng Dianshi village that is the best,no.14 point Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk which from Anle Sizhumi village that is the worst.Comparing the quality of four different village,found that Chufeng is the best,Ludian is better than that of Anle,Lameirong is the worst.5.Rhizosphere soil nutrient characteristics of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.in LijiangRhizosphere soil of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk in Lijiang is acidic or weak acid loam,loose soil texture and a rich,suitable for growth of G.crassicaulis.The results showed that rhizosphere soil of G.crassicaulis alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,effective potassium,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium nutrient content most in moderate or above level,only available potassium and total potassium lack,so we should pay attention to the application of potash fertilizer.On the whole,the total content of available N,P,K nutrient and organic matter in rhizosphere soil of G.crassicaulis from Anle and Lameirong village are higher than that in Chufeng and Ludian village.The content of total N,P,K nutrient in rhizosphere soil of G.crassicaulis in all levels.6.The rhizosphere soil nutrients impact on the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk in LijiangThe rhizosphere soil nutrient characteristics of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk,has certain relevance on quality of G.crassicaulis.But most of them do not reached significant level.Total phosphorus with upper stout has negative correlation.Total potassium with root number,drying rate is significant positively related.Available phosphorus,organic matter both with root dry weight are significantly negative correlation.Taproot-branch length is significant negatively correlation between sand,and is very significant positive correlation with thick silt,and the number of branch just opposite.Root length with soil clay is significant positively related.The lower root thick with coarse powder has a significantly negative correlation.The root density is positively significantly correlated with coarse silt.PH with water,sweroside,acid insoluble ash content has a significantly negative correlation.Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen with gentiopicroside,sweroside,isoorientin,isovitein has a significantly positive correlation.Total nitrogen with G.crassicaulis.water,acid insoluble ash content have significantly negative correlation.Extract with available phosphorus,available potassium both have significantly negative correlation.Total potassium with polysaccharides is positively significantly related,and with gentiopicroside has a significantly negative correlation.Available potassium with total ash,acid insoluble ash content both have significantly negative correlation.A large number of elements in radix gentianae macrophyllae potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium elements most negatively related with rhizosphere soil nutrient,and trace elements in radix gentianae macrophyllae most of manganese,copper,zinc,chromium and rhizosphere nutrients were positively correlated,lead are negatively related with available phosphorus.So we should select the soft sandy or silty loam of more adequate nitrogen and appropriate proportion of organic matter,phosphorus,potassium to improve the quality and production of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk7.The micro environment impact on the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex BurkAltitude with root lengt has a very significant positive correlation,and with taproot-branch length,dry rate have significantly negative correlation.Slope only with root length has a significantly positive correlation.Rotation frequency with the lower part of root diameter,root number,fresh weight,dry weight all have significantly negative correlations.So that increasing rotation number prompt to reduce the G.crassicaulis biological yield.Altitude with water,sweroside both have significantly positive correlation,but with swertiamarin,isoorientin have significantly negative correlation.Altitude have significant positive correlation with inorganic element,but have significant negative correlation with chromium,and magnesium,potassium,sodium.Slope has significant positive correlation with calcium alone.Rotation frequency with water,isoorientin have extremely significant positive correlation,but with loganicacid,gentiopicroside both have significantly negative correlation.The result show that high altitude areas improving the quality of G.crassicaulis,,but the production decreases.The slope has a little influence on the yield and quality of G.crassicaulis.The less rotation frequency of G.crassicaulis,and the quality and yield of G.crassicaulis is higher.Thus,a relatively high elevation and fewer rotation are suitable to improve the quality and yield of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Buik. |
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