| With the impact of foreign maturespecialized chicken breedsand the detached phenomenon between production and scientific research resulted from the long-term development of the domestic agricultural,Lead to domestic chicken breeds are mostly imported from other countries,and many domestic local varieties are neglected and even extincted.However,as excellent breeding materials,Chinese native chicken breeds still have a huge value due to its diversity of biological inheritance.Based on this,the protection and utilization of native chicken breeds are urgent.In this study,the highly selected breeding white feather AA broiler chickens,Roman laying hens and local breeds Jiuyuan black chicken and Guangyuan ash chicken were selected respectively 20 to conduct simplify the genome sequencing,and selected specificity SNP loci that are difference in Guangyuan ash chicken with white feather broiler chickens,Roman laying hens.The accuracy of screening SNPs were detected by mass spectrometry in white feather broilers,Roman laying hens,green shells laying hens,Daheng broilers,Jiuyuan black chickens,Caoke chickens and Guangyuan ash chicken,and the expression of genes that representative SNPs located in were conducted in the chest and leg muscle of laying hens and broilers embryos.Aimed at exploring the specific SNPs present in specialized laying hens and broilers,this study provided a theoretical basis for the use of these local breeds.Our results are as follows:(1)A total of 952,606 SNP loci were obtained by simplified genome sequencing.14 specific SNP loci of broilers and 15 specific SNP loci of laying hens were obtained by multiple screening.(2)The polymorphisms of rs 3,rs 9 and rs 24 were not detected in the SNPs of 29 SNP loci and could not be analyzed.rs 1,rs 4,rs 6,rs 7,rs 12,rs 29 were found to be very specific on the Roman laying hen by mass spectrometry,and which experienced obvious artificial selection.There are similar trends in local breeds.Combined with the functional studies of these loci-locating genes,they are initially considered to be specific sites associated with laying hens.rs 11,rs 14were very unique on the white feather broiler,and similar in other local breeds.With the corresponding gene function,initially regarded the six loci as loci specific for broilers.rs 5?rs 8?rs 10?rs 16?rs 18?rs 19?rs 20?rs 21?rs 22?rs 25?rs 26?rs 27?rs 30?rs 31 and rs 32 were similar in all chicken species,initially regarded these SNP loci as differences SNP loci between domestic chicken and their ancestors-Red Jungle Fowl.These sites can be used as chicken evolution related sites.Rs 16,rs 17,rs 28 and rs 33,the mass spectrometry of the five sites had no rules to follow.In this locus,the specific locus rs11 was located on the IGF1 gene,and the gene was confirmed to be related to chicken developmental differentiation,growth and muscle development.(3)The expression of IGF1 gene in the breast muscle and leg muscle of the white feather chicken showed a decreasing trend,while the expression of IGF1 gene in the embryonic chest and leg muscle of the Roman laying hens showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease.The expression of IGF1 gene in the breast muscle and leg muscle of white feather broiler was earlier than that of Roman laying hens,which indicated that the growth and differentiation of the breast and leg muscles of the white feather chicken were earlier than the Roman laying hens.This demonstrated the feasibility of IGF1 gene as chicken-specific SNP site.In summary,rs 1,rs 4,rs 6,rs 7,rs 12,rs 29 are specific sites associated with laying hens,rs 11,rs 14 are loci specific for broilers.rs 5?rs 8?rs 10?rs 18?rs 19?rs 20?rs 21?rs 22?rs 25?rs 26?rs 27?rs 30?rs 31 and rs 32 are initially thought to be SNPs of domestic chickens and red chicks.The expression of IGF1 gene in rs 11 locus was higher than that of Romanian laying hens in white feather broiler chickens and leg muscle,demonstrating the feasibility of IGF1 gene as chicken specific SNP locus. |
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