Study On Biology Characteristics And Aromatic Ingredients Of Thymus L.in Shanxi Province

Aromatic plants as its three big functions of greening,beautify,and perfuming to become one of the important landscape materials,because of its special ecological habits,application in the modern urban landscape got more and more people's attention.Thymus L.of Labiatae plants not only long flowering,gorgeous floral color,drought and cold resistance,and the whole plants emit aroma,has the potential of develop to excellent aromatic groundcover plants.This study on the basis of the comprehensive investigation and research condition of wild Thymus L.germplasm resources in Shanxi Province,analyses the community characteristic and observation the biological characteristics of the eight provenance of Thymus L..At the same time,comparative analysis the leaves anatomical structure,seed.micromorphology and aromatic ingredients,to select excellent provenance both has the ornamental value and with high quality aroma component,in order to provide basic theory for aromatic groundcover plants screening in Shanxi Province.Main results are as follows:(1)Adopted the on-the-spot investigation method to analysis the community characteristic of eight provenance wild Thymus L.in Shanxi Province.The scope of its vertical distribution is commonly at an altitude of 900-1550m,are mainly distributed in more sun or half sunny slope rock,or by the roadside,thin forests.With the loam or silty loam soil in the majority,the positive neutral and alkaline texture.Often scattered or mixed in herbaceous shrubs and associated plant for the Plantago asiatica L.,Potentilla chinensis Ser.,Festuca arundinacea and Artemisia plants,etc.,and as the latitude south,accompanying plant species gradually increase.Among them,the flaky concentration distribution of Youyu,Zhuoyun,Hunyuan,FanShi provenance,scattered point distribution in the majority of Qinyuan,Puxian,Zhezhou and Xiaxian areas are.(2)The phenophase and leaf morphological traits of the eight provenance show significant difference.The differences of the phenological between different provenance mainly displays in the beginning of flowering and the flowering day,the beginning flowering in early or middle May of Youyu,Zhuoyun,Hunyuan,FanShi provenance,the flowering is 32-36d,beginning flowering mainly concentrated in the middle to late May and early June of Qinyuan,Puxian,Zhezhou,and Xiaxian provenance,flowering 38-45d.Morphological differences in leaf shape,firstly,the leaves of Youyu,Zhuoyun,FanShi,Hunyuan provenance were lanceolate,and leaf color is deeper,the leaves of Qinyuan,Puxian,Zezhou,and Xiaxian provenance were ovate,and leaf color lighter.Secondly,the main veins and lateral veins of the leaves in Qinyuan,Zezhou and Xiaxian were clear and protruberance;the main veins of Puxian and Hunyuan were clear;the main veins of Youyu,Zhuoyun,FanShi were not clear.In addition,the leaf margin were slight bend of Youyu,Zhuoyun,FanShi,Zezhou,and the leaf margin of Hunyuan,Qinyuan,Puxian,Xiaxian were flat.(3)Used the paraffin section method to study the genus leaf anatomical structure of Thymus L.in different provenance,the results showed that there was no significant difference of leaf tissue structure.Main features are characterized by leaf cuticle is not obvious,the epidermis and lower epidermis are tightly arranged by single rectangular cells.Mesophyll has obvious spongy tissue and palisade tissue,spongy tissue of loosely arranged cells,shapes are irregular polygon,the palisade tissue is composed by two layers of typical long cylindrical cells,arrange compact.(4)Use the scanning electron microscope to photograph and observation the Thymus L.of eight provenance,the seed grain are reticulate ornamentation,and primary carved lines are non-directional.Among them,the genus mesh of Youyu,Zhuoyun,Hunyuan,FanShi were irregular polygons,the network cell were irregular quadrilateral or pentagon of Puxian,Xiaxian,genus mesh were suborbicular of Qinyuan and Zhezhouthe,and the edge is obvious.(5)With the GC-SPME-MS method to determination the aromatic ingredients of Thymus L.of eight provenance,the relative percentage composition is calculated by peak area normalization method and to study the genetic variation characteristics of volatile components of different provenance.The results show that the composition of the volatile components of different provenance varied,and detected specific aromatic ingredients in some provenance.Among,the aroma ingredients of Thymus L.in Youyu,FanShi,Qinyuan,Xiaxian provenance were terpene type,the main ingredients were c-terpinene,camphene,beta pinene,pinene,and dextral terpene diene compounds,and the relative content reached more than 45%of the total ingredients,the terpene type Thymus L.usually used as spices or used in chemical industry to enhance aroma.The aroma ingredients of Thymus L.in Zhuoyun,Hunyuan,Puxian and Zhezhou provenance were aromatic hydrocarbons type,and the p-Cymene contents of Zhuoyun,Hunyuan provenance were respectively 52.65%,46.43%of total,the aromatic hydrocarbons type Thymus L.usually used in medical industry.