| The nutritional values of 7 plant source(extruded corn,corn germ meal,corn DDGS,corn gluten meal,fermented soybean meal,soybean meal and extruded soybean)and 5 animal source ingredients(Peru fish meal,meat and bone meal,chicken powder,feather meal and blood meal)for raccoon dog were evaluated in the present study,in order to provide a basis for the diet formulation of raccoon dog.This study included 4 experiments:Experiment 1.Evaluation of the nutritional value in extruded corn.Five male(BW 5.38±0.40 kg)and 5 female(BW 5.32±0.35 kg)raccoon dogs at 11 weeks of age were selected and 1 raccoon dog as a replicate.The animals were fed the diet containing 94.9% of extruded corn.The duration of the experiment was 12 days with 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of excreta.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P > 0.63)between male and female on apparent digestibilities of nutrients and energy for the extrusion corn.The digestible(DE)or metabolizable energy(ME)were 13.79 and 13.42 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),organic matter(OM),crude fat(EE)and crude fiber(CF)of extrusion corn were 81.39、61.50、84.42、42.39 and 48.51%,respectively.Experiment 2.Evaluation of the nutritional value in corn by-products.A total of 20 male(BW 5.38±0.40 kg)and 20 female(BW 5.32±0.35 kg)raccoon dogs at 11 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,and each group contained 10 replicates with 1 raccoon dog as a replicate.Four diets including a basal diet and 3 diets containing 85% of basal diet and 15% of experimental ingredients(corn germ meal,corn DDGS,or corn gluten meal)were formulated.The duration of the experiment was 12 days with 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of excreta.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P > 0.14)between male and female on apparent digestibilities of nutrients and energy for corn germ meal,corn DDGS,or corn gluten meal.The DE and ME were 8.10 and 7.89 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,EE,and CF in corn germ meal were 56.17、54.12、61.22、48.29 and 52.53%,respectively.The DE and ME were 15.29 and 14.80 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,EE,and CF in corn DDGS were 88.01、81.76、86.06、69.52 and 57.66%,respectively.The DE and ME were 18.72 and 16.39 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,and EE in corn gluten meal were 94.53、97.01、95.98 and 44.66%,respectively.Experiment 3.Evaluation of the nutritional value in fermented soybean meal,soybean meal and extrusion soybean.There were 2 trials in this experiment.The aim of trial 1 was to determine the digestibilities of nutrients and energy.A total of 20 male(BW 5.86±0.36 kg)and 20 female(BW 5.83±0.25 kg)raccoon dogs at 15 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,and each group contained 10 replicates with 1 raccoon dog as a replicate.Four diets including the basal diet,one diet containing 85% of basal diet and 15% of extrusion soybean,and 2 diets containing 80% of basal diet and 20% of fermented soybean meal or soybean meal were formulated.The duration of the experiment was 12 days with 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of excreta.The results showed that no significant difference(P > 0.43)between male and female in digestibilities of nutrients and energy was found for fermented soybean meal,soybean meal or extruded soybean.The DE and ME were 16.10 and 14.66 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,EE,and CF of extruded soybean were 72.48,81.60、80.18、79.91 and 59.53%,respectively.The DE and ME were 15.01 and 12.38 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,EE,and CF of fermented soybean meal were 89.82,89.61、91.37、81.88 and 66.67%,respectively.The DE and ME were 11.90 and 10.10 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,EE,and CF of soybean meal were 78.62、85.20、80.72、59.95 and 43.12%,respectively.The aim of trial 2 was to determine the digestibility,availability of nitrogen,and biological value in the above 3 ingredients.A total of 15 male(BW 7.11±0.48 kg)and 15 female(BW 6.89±0.52 kg)raccoon dogs at 19 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,and each group contained 10 replicates with 1 raccoon dog as a replicate.Three semi-purified diets were formulated with the above 3 ingredients as the nitrogen source.The duration of the experiment was 12 days with 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of excreta.The results showed that no significant difference(P > 0.11)between male and female in digestibility,availability or biological value of CP for either of the 3 sources.The apparent digestibility,availability or biological value of CP were 78.55、41.99 and 53.55% for extruded soybean,and 83.68、48.84 and 56.13% for fermented soybean meal,and 80.20、46.34 and 57.93% for soybean meal,respectively.Experiment 4.Evaluation of the nutritional values in animal source ingredients.A total of 30 male(BW 4.86±0.36 kg)and 30 female(BW 4.83±0.25 kg)raccoon dogs at 11 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups,and each group contained 10 replicates with 1 raccoon dog as a replicate.Six diets including a basal diet,2 diets containing 85% of basal diet and 15% of feather meal or blood meal,and 3 diets containing 80% of basal diet and 20% of Peru fish meal,meat and bone meal,or chicken powder were formulated.The duration of the experiment was 12 days with 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of excreta.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.15)between male and female on apparent digestibilities of nutrients and energy for all animal source ingredients.The DE and ME were 17.68 and 14.29 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,and OM in Peru fish meal were 83.57,95.84,and 94.54%,respectively.The DE and ME were 12.98 and 10.73 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,and EE in meat and bone meal were 55.79,82.09,80.47,and 87.91%,respectively.The DE and ME were 17.23 and 14.58 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,and EE in chicken powder were 74.05,80.97,80.93,and 91.73%,respectively.The DE and ME were 22.60 and 17.90 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,and OM in blood meal were 76.07,92.59,and 81.54%,respectively.The DE and ME were 19.55 and 15.63 MJ/kg,and the apparent digestibilities of DM,CP,OM,and EE in feather meal were 87.84,89.67,88.41,and 63.12%,respectively.The above results fill the blank of the nutritive parameters of the commonly used ingredients of the raccoon dog,which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the rational development of feed resources and promoting the intensive and large-scale production of the raccoon dog in China. |
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