Effect Of Mulching On Soil Properties And Microbial Diversity In Pepper Fields Using Traditional And High-throughput Sequence Techniques

Using traditional and high-throughput sequencing techniques,the effects of different mulching on soil physicochemical,biological properties and microbial diversity of capsicum garden in southern China were studied.The results showed that:(1)In the vegetable production of southern China,the use of different types of mulching film,especially the white film,black film and silver film,not only helps to improve the soil temperature and water content in the cultivation layer of pepper,but also to improve the soil moisture content.Moreover,it has a remarkable effect on slowing down the decline of soil pH.(2)Compared with the control(without mulching film),the number of culturable microbes(bacteria,actinomycetes)in soil was significantly increased and the number of fungi was significantly decreased by different types of mulching.Different types of mulching also significantly increased the activities of enzymes and microbial biomass related to carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in soil.On the other hand,the total root length,the total root surface area,the total root volume and the root tip number of pepper roots were significantly increased by different types of mulching.(3)Based on the analysis of high throughput sequencing technology,we found that:the dominant bacteria under different mulching conditions were found with Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Acidobacteria.and Gemmatimonadetes at the phylum level,and the highest richness was Proteobacteria..(4)At the Genus taxonomic level,unculturable bacteria genus,Flavobacterum,Lysobacterium,Bacillus,Ralstonia eutrophae(H16)and Sphingomonas are the dominant genera in different types of mulching soil in southern China.Among them,the abundance of Flavobacterium bacteria in different types of mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of CK,and the relative abundance of Flavobacterium bacteria in the soil treated with M4(silver film)was the highest.(5)The highest composition and relative abundance of soil fungi based on phylum taxonomic level were Zygomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Glomeromycota and Chytridimycota.Among them,The abundance of Zygomycota was the highest and Ascomycota was the lowest in the soil covered with white mulch,but the abundance of Basidiomycota in CK soil was significantly higher than that of other types of mulching treatments.(6)At the Genus taxonomic level,the dominant flora of different types of mulching soil fungi were Mortierella,Conocybea,Psathyrella,Humicolae,Cladosporium.Among them,The abundance ratio of Mortierella in soil under different types of mulching was increased compared with CK without mulching,And the ratio of abundance under white mulch mulch M3 was the highest.In addition,the abundance ratios of Conocybeus,Psathyrella and Chaetomella in the soil without mulch mulch were significantly higher than those under other mulching.(7)Based on high-throughput sequencing techniques,relative differences in the composition and diversity of the entire community can be quantitatively compared.The results showed that the Chao1 index and shannon index of soil bacteria and the diversity index of Chao 1 index and ACE index of fungi were higher than those of CK.To sum up:different types of mulching not only can effectively slow down soil acidification,raise soil temperature of tilling layer,promote the growth of pepper root system,but also improve soil microbial diversity index.It is beneficial to the accumulation of probiotic bacteria,such as Lysobacillus and Bacillus.The results showed that the use of mulching film in vegetable production in southern China not only did not result in soil quality deterioration but also helped to improve soil fertility and maintain soil health.