| Light condition is one of the most important variable factors of the natural environment affecting organisms,and its influence on insect growth,development,respiratory metabolism and reproductive capacity has been concerned.In recent years,with the advancement of sustainable development strategy and environmental protection concept,the technology of utilizing lights to control pests plays an important role in agriculture.As a new type of lamp source,there are few researches about its effect on the growth and development of insect.Exploring its effect on the biological characteristics of insects will be conducive to clear the suitable light condition for growth,clarify how insects evolve when light condition becomes an evolutionary pressure.And it also can regulate physiology of insects to produce resource insects and control pests.In this study,we chose Musca domestica,Chrysomyia megacephala,Apolygus lucorum,Tenebrio molitor and Pieris rapae as tested insect species.These five insects belong to different orders,have far-reaching kinship,and their living habits and feeding tendencies are representative.We found a list of the 12 kinds of light conditions,to study the effects of different light conditions on the growth and development of 5 species of insects.We perfected the life table for experimental population of insects in different light conditions,and provided experience and convenience to further studies on physical control.Taking the wavelength of the LED light as a variable,twelve kinds of light conditions were used to treat the test insects,and the effect of different light condition treatments on the growth and development of five insects was studied to make the life table.The study will provide some valuable references for scholars of physical control.The main results are as follows: 1.Effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of M.domesticaThe generational rate of M.domestica had significant correlation to the light conditions and the most significant wavelength was 435 nm.As to the hatchability of egg,light resources of 575 nm had a remarkably decreased effect.When the light resource was 645 nm,the egg duration decreased most.The results showed that the lowest rates of survival and metamorphosis which was observed were at 460 nm and 435 nm respectively.The results showed that blue-green light had significant effects to the hatching,larvae survival,pupation and emergence,and blue light had significant effects to the whole generation of M.domestica.Light resources had significant effect on the oviposition and the most significant wavelength was 375 nm.It turned out that the index of population trend(I)of M.domestica on 365 nm was the lowest,with the value of only 1.51,it had certain inhibitory effort on the population dynamics.2.Effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of C.megacephalaThe generational rate of C.megacephala had significant correlation to the light conditions and the most significant wavelength was 435 nm.As to the hatchability of eggs,light resources of 435 nm had a remarkably decreased effect,and the shortest duration of egg was 420 nm.It turned out that the lowest rates of both survival and metamorphosis which was observed were at 435 nm,furthermore,the shortest duration of both larva and pupa were also at 435 nm.The results of this study illustrate that blue light had significant effects to the survival of C.megacephala and the duration of larva and pupa,and blue-violet light had significant effects to the duration of egg.When the light resource was 375 nm,the oviposition was decreased dramatically.In addition,the results showed that the light resources of 435 nm indicated that blue lights obviously inhibits the population reproduction of C.megacephala.3.Effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of A.lucorumThe generational rate of A.lucorum had significant correlation to the light conditions and the most significant wavelength was 575 nm.As to the hatchability of egg and the survival of nymph,wavelength of 575 nm had a remarkably decreased effect,it turned out that yellow-orange light was not good for the survival and development of egg and nymph.The results showed that the lowest durations of egg and nymph which was observed were at 435 nm and 420 nm respectively.Therefore blue light had significant effects to the duration of A.lucorum.Blue light has significant effect on the oviposition and the most significant wavelength is 435 nm.It turned out that the index of population trend(I)of A.lucorum on 420 nm was the lowest,with the value of only 4.26,it had certain inhibitory effort on the population dynamics.4.Effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of T.molitorThe duration of development duration of T.molitor had significant correlation to light conditions(P < 0.05)and the shortest duration of egg was at 600 nm.When the light resource was at 575 nm,the duration of larva was shortest.The emergence rate of T.molitor had significant correlation to the light conditions(P < 0.05)and the most significant wavelength was 365 nm.It turned out that UV and yellow-orange light had significant effects to the survival of T.molitor.The lowest emergence rate of the whole generation survival which was observed was at 435 nm.The experimentation on the growth and development showed that the light resources had significant good inhibitory effects,with the most malformation of the mature,and short wavelengths had high abnormality rates and highest at 435 nm.In addition,when the light resource was 365 nm,the oviposition decreased dramatically.It turned out that the index of population trend(I)of T.molitor on 375 nm was the lowest,with the value of only 24.92,it had certain inhibitory effort on the population dynamics.5.Effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of P.rapaeThe survival and development of larvae and pupa had significant correlation to the light conditions(P < 0.05).When the light resoures were 435 nm and 575 nm,the rate of pupation of P.rapae was markedly reduced.As to the emergence of pupa,light resources of 575 nm had a remarkably decreased effect.The results showed that blue and yellow had significant effects to the larvae stage.The shortest duration of pupa was at 435 nm,thus indicated that development period of pupa of P.rapae was shortened when blue light was experimented.6.Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of five insects under different light conditionsThe effects of different light conditions on the biological characteristics of the five species of insects were different,but their growth and development were significantly affected by the blue light: The effects on the growth and development of M.domestica and C.megacephala were the most significant,and the developmental duration of the larvae and pupae shortened significantly.The blue light not only had significant effect on the growth and development of T.molitor,but also caused the highest rate of deformity such as notchwing.The green light had significant effect on the development and reproduction of A.lucorum.It had a significant effect on the development of larvae of P.rapae,and significantly shortened their developmental duration.In addition,the ultraviolet light reduced the egg production of M.domestica and C.megacephala.The yellow orange light was not conducive to the survival and development of the eggs and nymphs of A.lucorum.The development in larvae stage of P.rapae was significantly affected by the yellow light. |
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