The Basic Study For Application Of Compound Management Of Medical Nitrogen Fixing Plants Under Phyllostachy Edulis Forest

The price of Phyllostachys edulis and its shoot and economic benefits declined dramatically,and the utilization of moso bamboo land resources and its output were low.Based on these situation,we invested the resources of nitrogen-fixing plant under moso bamboo and selected some of them according to life form,ecotype,economic value and medical parts.For the selected nitrogen-fixing species,the density and slope responses of growth and physiological ecology characteristics were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for compound management of medical nitrogen fixing plant under moso bamboo forest.Here below are main research results.1 Resources on nitrogen-fixing plants and its economic value analysis of understory in Phyllostachys edulis forestsWe surveyed the resources of nitrogen-fixing plants under Phyllostachys edulis by the method of treading in its mian distribution areas in Zhejiang and Fujian province.The results showed that there were totally plants of 41 species of 23 genera of 4 families.Among them,and Leguminosae accounted in more for 95.12%,with 75.61%of Papillionaceae,and non-Leguminosae such as Elaeagnaceaea and Euphorbiaceae and Myricaceae were less;there were 20 species of shrub,7 species of arbor,5 species of herbaceous and 9 species of vines;and there were three types of ecotype of xerophyte and mesophyte and hygrophyte,mainly mesophyte;and the invesgated 41 species all have medicine value,otherwise 23 species have edible value and 10 species can be used of feed and 7 species can use for fertilizer;according to the drug pionts the number of species of nitrogen-fixing plants under Moso bamboo forests was in general root>stem>whole plant>leaf>flower>fruit>seed.This research selected two medical and nitrogen fixing plants,Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,according to life form,ecotype,economic value and medical parts,which could be compound management under Phyllostachys edulis forests.2Response of seedlings growth and biomass allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under different moso bamboo densityWe sowed Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under the three density D1(1600±200stems·hm^-2),D2(2400±200 stems·hm^-2)and D3(3200±200 stems·hm^-2)of moso bamboo with same sites condition and management levels.The growth indexes and biomass accumulation and allocation of the two nitrogen fixing plants were analyzed.The results showed that the height and basal diameter and the leaf biomass,stem biomass,bean biomass,root biomass,aboveground biomass and whole biomass of plants were all decreased with the increase of density of moso bamboo,and the density of D1 was significantly higher than that of D2 and D3;the weight ratio of leaf and bean of Sophotora flavescens were in the"∧"shape and root weight ratio and root/shoot ratio were in the"∨"shape,and the stem weight ratio had a continues downward trend with the density of D1 was significantly higher than that of D2 and D3 density（P≤0.05）.Except for the stem weight ratio,there was no significant（P>0.05）difference in the biomass rate between three moso density.With the increase of density of moso bamboo,the stem weight ratio and root weight ratio and root/shoot of Catsia tora were similar to that of the Sophotora flavescens,and leaf weight ratio and bean weight ratio were showed maintain increase trend with the density of D1 was significantly higher than that of D2 and D3（P≤0.05）;and the density order was D1>D2>D3 for the principal component analysis and the principal component.It indicated that density had a great influence on growth and biomass allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,and the suitable density for compound the two nitrogen fixing plants were all D1(1600±200 stems·hm^-2)in terms of tested density moso bamboo.3 Photosynthetic characteristics of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora and the environmental meteorological factors interpretation beneath different densities moso bamboo forestWe sowed Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,under the three densities D1(1600±200stems·hm^-2),D2(2400±200 stems·hm^-2)and D3(3200±200 stems·hm^-2)of moso bamboo with same sites condition and management levels,as the tested materials.The law of photosynthetic characteristics changes and the relationship between them and their environmental factors of Sophora flavescens and Cassia tora were studied respectively in strong growth period.The results showed that the diurnal variations of photosyntheticactive radiation（PAR）and temperature（Ta）were in the trend of first rising and then decreasing,while the CO₂concentration（Ca）and air humidity（RH）were on the opposite trend.PAR in D1 density were greater than that of D2 and D3 density,while Ca and RH were less than that of other two densities,and there were no significant different in all densities.The diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of Sophotora flavescens showed a bimodal pattern in D1 and D2 densities,while the same trend of Catsia tora in D2 and D3 densities.The Pnmax of Sophotora flavescens and Cassia tora in D2 and D1 densities were significantly greater than that of other two densities respectively.The order of light saturation point（LSP）value was in D1>D2>D3in Sophotora flavescens,while Cassia tora in D2>D3>D1.The light compensation point（LCP）and dark respiration rate（Rd）in D1 density were significantly greater than that of other two densities,and apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）in D2 and D3 densities were greater than that of other two densities respectively in the two plants.The order of Pn,transpiration rate（Tr）and water ues efficiency（WUE）and stomatal conductance（gs）of Sophotora flavescens was the same as follows:D2>D1>D3,while that of Catsia tora as follows:D1>D2>D3.The CO2 concentration（Ci）was the greatest in D3 density in the two plants.Pn and gs had the highest positive correlation coefficient in Sophotora flavescens,while Pn and PAR had the the same rule in Cassia tora,followed by Ta.Pn and Ca had the highest negative correlation coefficient with the two plants respectively.Gs and PAR were respectively the main environment factor that trigger Pn of the two plants,while the main inhibitor was Ca.It was indicatedthatthesuitabledensitieswereD2(2400±200stems·hm^-2)and D1(1600±200stems·hm^-2)for compound management Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora respectively under moso bamboo.4Response of nitrogen and phosphorus content and allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora in moso bamboo forest with different stand densityWe investigated the nitrogen and phosphorus content and allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,two nitrogen fixing species,under three moso bamboo densities,D1(1600±200 stems·hm^-2),D2(2400±200 stems·hm^-2)and D3(3200±200stems·hm^-2)of with the same sites condition and management levels.The results showed that the total accumulate of nitrogen and phosphorus and total biomass of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora were all decreased steadily with the increased of bamboo density,and the same tendency of total N,P content and tissue N,P content with D1 density significantly higher than that of D3 density.The content N and P of tissue had no significant different between D2 and D1 or D3,except for the N content of leaf and bean and the P content of leaf,stem and root.Bamboo density had little effect on the N:P of total and root of Sophotora flavescens,and some effect on N:P of leaf and stem,and significantly effect on bean N:P with steadily decreased.The N:P of total and leaf of Catsia tora changed with the"V"shape,while that of stem and bean decreased and that of root increased.The principal component analysis and the principal component comprehensive scores of R-type factor of growth and biomass distribution of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora both followed the order of D1>D2>D3.It indicated that the moso density had an important effect on the content of N and P and N:P of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,and the suitable density for compound management of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under bamboo was D1(（1600±200）stems·hm^-2)in terms of density under test moso bamboo.We drew a conclusion that the suitable density for compound Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora was D1(1600±200stems·hm^-2)in terms of comprehensive analysis of growth and biomass allocation,photosynthetic characteristics and the main nutrient stoichiometric characteristics of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under different densities of moso bamboo.5 Response of growth and biomass allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under different moso bamboo slopesWe investigated the growth and biomass of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,two nitrogen fixing species,under three moso bamboo slopes,lower slopen（S1）,middle slope（S2）and upper slope（S3）of with the same management levels.The results showed that the plant height and basal diameter were decreased with the increased moso bamboo slope,and the tissue biomass and total biomass of Sophotora flavescens were also decreased,while that of index of Catsia tora were showed opposed tendency.The weight ratio of leaf and stem of Sophotora flavescens changed with the"∧"shape,while the weight ratio of root and bean decreased steadily,and the root/shoot ratio increased constantly with the increased bamboo slope.The weight ratio of leaf,root and bean of Catsia tora were decreased steadily,while the stem weight ratio and root/shoot ratio increased constantly with the increased bamboo slope.The principal component analysis and the principal component comprehensive scores of R-type factor of growth and biomass distribution of Sophotora flavescens followed the order of S1>S2>S3,while that of index of Catsia tora followed the order of S3>S2>S1.It indicated that the moso slope had an important effect on growth and biomass allocation of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,and the suitable slope for compound management of Phyllostachys edulis-Sophotora flavescens and Phyllostachys edulis-Catsia tora were lower slope（S1）and upper slope（S3）respectively in terms of slope under test moso bamboo.6 Diurnal changes of photosynthetic characters of Sophora flavescens and Catsia tora and the relevant environment factors under different moso bamboo slopesWe sowed Sophora flavescens and Catsia tora,two nitrogen fixing plant,respectively under the lower,middle and upper slopes of moso bamboo with same management levels.The diurnal changes of photosynthetic characters and environment factors were measured,and the direct and indirect effects of environment factors on net photosynthetically rate（P_n）of nitrogen fixing plants of Sophora flavescens and Catsia tora were analyzed by path analysis.The results showed that there were strong interaction among environment factors a day under different slopes,photosynthetic active radiation（PAR）triggered other environment factors and caused air temperature（Ta）changes,and Ta had a significant influence on air relative humidity（RH）and air CO₂ concentration（C_a）.The P_n of Sophotora flavescens showed single peak curves with no photosynthetic lunch break phenomenon at all slopes,and the P_n of middle slope were largest with a daily average of 0.13mmol·m^-2.The P_n of Catsia tora at middle and upper slopes showed couple peak curves which had photosynthetic lunch breaks with the lower slopes the same as Sophotora flavescens,and the P_n of upper slope were largest with a daily average of X2.18μmol·m^-2·s^-1.Water use efficiency（WUE）was large at all slopes but had no differences among them before 12:00 of Sophotora flavescens,and no significant differences were found in daily mean values.WUE of the upper slope was significantly higher than that of middle and lower slopes before 10:00 of Catsia tora,and the daily mean values of WUE of upper and middle slopes were significantly higher than that of lower slope.At the upper slope,the PAR、RH and PAR、C_a were the main environment factors effecting P_n of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,while the interactive of T_a and C_a were the main limiting factors of the middle slopes,and the P_n of lower slope was mainly effected by PAR.The P_n and WUE of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora of the middle slopes were relative high as a result of high PAR and RH and low T_a.Therefor the middle slope（S2）and the upper slope（S3）were the suitable slopes to compound Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under moso bamboo respectively in terms of photosynthetic characters and environment factors,and it needs density regulation when they are planted in other slopes.7 Response of photosynthetic pigment and fluctuating asymmetry of leaf of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under different moso bamboo slopesWe investigated the photosynthetic pigment and fluctuating asymmetry of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,two nitrogen fixing species,under three moso bamboo slops,S1,S2 and D3 of with the same management levels.The results showed that the content of Chla,Chla,Car and Pn of Sophotora flavescens were followed the order of S2>S1>S3,while that of Catsia tora followed the order of S1>S2>S3.The leaf area,perimeter and width all had the character of fluctuating asymmetry.The FAA,FAP and FAW of Sophotora flavescens changed with the"V"shape with the S2 slope significantly higher than that of S3 slope and no significance between S1 and other two slopes.The 3 index of Catsia tora decreased with the slope increased,and the S3 slope significantly higher than that of S1 slope and there was no significance between S2 and other two slopes.FAA,FAW and Chlb,Car had no significant difference,while the correlation coefficient between FAA,FAW and Chla,Pn decreased steadily with the increased of slope.There was no significant correlation between FAP and the content of three photosynthetic pigments.There were significantly difference between FAA and the content of Chla an Pn of Catsia tora and the correlation coefficient decreased with the increased of slope.FAP and FAW were not highly correlated with the 3 pigment and Pn.It indicated that the moso slope had an important effect on photosynthetic pigment and Pn and fluctuating asymmetry of leaf of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora,and the suitable slope for compound management of Phyllostachys edulis-Sophotora flavescens and Phyllostachys edulis-Catsia tora were middle slope（S2）and lower slope（S1）respectively in terms of slope under test moso bamboo.We drew a conclusion that the suitable slopes for compound Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora were middle slope（S2）and lower slope（S1）respectively in terms of comprehensive analysis of growth and biomass allocation,diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics and its main effected environment factors,leaf photosynthetic pigment and fluctuating asymmetry of Sophotora flavescens and Catsia tora under different densities of moso bamboo.