Effects Of Bio-bacteria-fertilizer Combined With Biochar On Growth And Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco And Soil Property In Central Henan Province

The soil nutrient ratio was imbalance in tobacco-growing area in middle of Henan Province because of it irrational fertilization.The tobacco quality was reduced.In the first year,The field experiment was carried out to select the optimum organic fertilizer by analyzing the effect of different organic fertilizers on the soil nutrition content and growth of flue-tabacco,Four treatments was carried out:(1)no organic fertilizer(CK),(2)Refined-Organic fertilizer,1500 kg/hm2(T1),(3)Organic fertilizer No.1,600 kg/hm2(T2),(4)Compound-Organic-Bio-fertilizer,1500 kg/hm2(T3).In the second year,The field experiment was carried out to explore the effect of Compound – Organic – Bio – bacteria-fertilizer(COBBF)or/and biochar on growth and quality of tobacco and soil biological properties and fertilizer in the tobacco-planting soil,Seven treatments were set as:(1)no organic fertilizer(CK),(2)biochar(T1),(3)Compound – Organic – Bio – Bacteria-Fertilizer(COBBF,T3),(4)Bio-Bacteria-Biochar-Fertilizer(T4),(5)50% COBBF + 50% biochar(T5),(6)60%COBBF + 40% biochar(T6),(7)40% COBBF + 60% biochar(T7).Experiment 1: Effects of Organic-Bio-fertilizer on tobacco growth and fertilizer in the tobacco-planting soil,The results showed:(1)The agronomic traits including stem length,leaf length,leaf width and leaf number of tobacco were significantly improved under Organic Fertilizer No.1 and Compound-Organic-Bio-bacteria-fertilizer treatments.The activities of nitrate reductase in the early growth stage,and which of invertase and amylase in the later growth stage in tobacco leaves were significantly promoted under Refined-Organic fertilizer and Compound-Organic-Bio-bacteria-fertilizer treatments.The formation of neutral aroma component in C3 F was promoted under the treatments with organic fertilizer,therein,the highest total amount of aroma components was 551.53 ug/g under Compound-Organic-Bio-bacteria-fertilizer treatment.(2)The soil sucrase and urease activity was significantly improved with the maximum value as 11.47 mg/(g·d)and 1.45 mg/(g·d),respectively,under T1 treatment.In conclusion,in central Henan province tobacco-planting area,the Organic Fertilizer No.1 and Compound-Organic-Bio-bacteria-fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer and sesame cake can significantly improve the quality of flued-cured tobacco.Experiment 2: Effects of Bio-bacteria-fertilizer combined with biochar on on tobacco growth and fertilizer in the tobacco-planting soil,The results showed:(1)The agronomic traits of tobacco were significantly improved under T2 treatment.T2 treatment the nitrate nitrogen activity after tobacco transplanted 30 d,and which of the invertase activity after tobacco transplanted 60 d and 90 d were significantly promoted under T2 treatment;Furthermore,the tobacco leaf N,P and K content were improved under T5 treatment.The total sugar and reduced sugar of upper leaves under biochar,the total sugar in C3 F and K content were increased under T2 and T5 treatments.Compared to the CK,the highest total amount of aroma components was874.80 ug/g under T2 treatment and 818.26 ?g/g under T5 treatment.which also improved the tobacco yield and output value and the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco.(2)The soil sucrase activity was significantly improved under T2 treatment in the tobacco growth stage.The soil urease activity under T2 and T5 treatments were significantly promoted in the early growth stage(30 d)with the value as 0.74 mg/g/d and 0.75 mg/g/d,respectively.The microbial biomass carbon(SMBC,as 810.09mg/kg)and microbial biomass carbon entropy was elevated under T2 treatment.The SMBC was increased under T3 treatment after tobacco transplanted 60 d.The SMBN and SMBN/TN were improved under T5 treatment in the tobacco growth stage.The bacteria,fungi and actinomyce amount was increased after Bio-bacteria-fertilizer application,and the highest amounts of bacteria and actinomyce occurred under T2 and T3 treatments in the tobacco growth stage.(3)The soil properties was significantly improved under COBBF and biochar treatments.The total nitrogen(TN)content and ammonium nitrogen content under T2 treatment were significantly promoted in the later growth stage(after tobacco transplanted 60 d).The nitrate nitrogen content under T5 treatment was improved in the whole growth stage.The soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content under T2 and T5 treatments were increased after tobacco transplanted 60 d.The effect of different fertilizer treatment on soil dissolved carbon(DOC)and N(DON)presented during tobacco fast growing period.The DOC content and DOC/SOC were obviously promoted under T1 and T3 treatments,the highest DOC/SOC ratio as 8.31mg/g occurred under T3 treatment.The DON content under T2 treatment peaked as 57.09mg/kg after tobacco transplanted 90 d,while which reached as 97.98 mg/kg under T5 treatment during tobacco transplanted 60 d;Aromatic compounds of DOC(SUVA254)was reduced under T3,T4,T5 and T6 treatments and E2/E3 was increased during tobacco transplanted 90 d.In conclusion,in central Henan Province tobacco-planting area,the COBBF only and60% COBBF + 40% biochar application can significantly improve the quality and economic characteristics of flued-cured tobacco and the soil microbial environment and fertility,which are the optimal practice to improve soil N content;while biochar only and Bio-bacteria-biochar-fertilizer application can improve the soil dissolved C.