| Pot experiments were carried out in Xuanhua town and Yingyang Town,Dengfeng,Henan province compared with the application of fertilizer in order to analyze the effects of different high carbon materials on the improvement of tobacco planting soil and optimize the effective recycling ways of agricultural waste resources.5 treatments were set up in this experiment under the condition of the same amount of carbon application.The 5 treatments are CK(chemical fertilizer),T1(peat + fertilizer),T2(Peanut shell charcoal + chemical fertilizer),T3(steam explosion tobacco stalk + chemical fertilizer),T4(steam explosion corn straw + chemical fertilizer).The effects of different high carbon materials on soil carbon pool fractions,soil microbial diversity and carbon source utilization,and soil fertility and flue-cured tobacco growth were compared under the same carbon application rate.This paper discusses the factors and mechanisms that may cause the change,and enriches the scientific resources for the application of soil improvement in steam blasting.The main results were as follows.1.Soil organic carbon(SOC)in different high carbon materials improved significantly.The results of the experiment in 2016 show that the content of organic carbon in T2 treatment was always higher than that of other treatments,while the increase of T1,T2 and T3 at 90 d were 33.10%,45.24% and 36.80%,respectively.The results in 2017 show that the SOC content of each treatment compared with the control,with the advance of the growth period and the content increased gradually,T4,T2,T3 treatment increased 14.95%~51.64%,10.54%~44.73%,7.43%~36.48% compared with the CK,respectively.In 2016 and 2017,soil AOC contents showed that the contents of active organic carbon in different treatments increased significantly compared with CK in different growth stages,and there was significant difference among different materials.The T1,T2 and T3 treatment increased by 238.70%,4.68% and 211.78%~778.60% compared with the CK.The soil soluble organic carbon(DOC)contents was significantly increased by 423.88%,207.67%,710.38% and 919.34%,respectively,compared with the CK under the application of high carbon materials.Analysis of soil carbon pool activity and AOC/SOC showed that there was significant difference among treatments.Compared with control,AOC/SOC of T3 treatment increased by 114.17% while the activity of carbon pool increased by 196%.The application of high carbon materials can significantly increase the soil TC content and C/N,and there is a significant difference between different materials.2.The content of MBC and MBN in soil treated of T2 was increased by 97.50% and 37.58%.The increase of MBC and MBN content in T3 treatment was 17.37%~289.47% and 123.37%,respectively.The content of MBC and MBN in T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments during the whole growth period,and increased by 75.97%~424.01% and 871.67%,respectively.T1 was slightly lower than CK in the middle of the growth period,and as the growth period progressively increased,but there was little difference from that of CK.High carbon materials can significantly reduce soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen ratio,and the effect is T4>T3>T2>T1.The T1 treatment soil q MB significantly decreased by 79.08%,while the soil q MB treated with T3 and T4 increased significantly increase reached 74.49%~188.69% and 11.95%~251.40% compared with the CK,respectively.3.Application of high carbon materials can improve the utilization of soil microbial biomass to substrate carbon sources.Among them,T2 and T4 treatments had the highest capacity of utilizing carbon source and microbial activity for microorganisms,followed by T3 treatment.But the difference between treatments was not obvious.The AWCD value of T1 treatment was significantly lower than the other 3 treatments.Compared with the CK,different high carbon materials can improve soil microbial richness,showing T2>T4>T1>T3,and the dominance index is T2>T4>T3>T1,and evenness index is T4>T2>T3>T1.The 6 kinds of carbon sources were divided into 2 categories according to the principal component analysis.The first category carbon sources is carbohydrates,amino acids,phenolic acids,and amine carbon sources,and the second category carbon sources are carboxylic and polymer carbon sources.CK and T4 mainly use carboxyl and polymer carbon sources for soil microbes.T2 treatment of soil microbes mainly uses carbohydrates,amino acids,phenolic acids,and amine carbon sources.T1 and T3 soil microbial capacity of utilizing carbon source is lower than CK,T2 and T4 treatment.From the soil enzyme activities,soil urease activity increased by 91.69% and 124.42% compared with the control,respectively.The activity of sucrase increased by 91.23%~368.48% and 88.74%~166.91% compared with the control in T3 and T4.There was a significant positive correlation between the microbial biomass and the content of SOC and AOC,and very significant relationship with the activity of invertase and urease.4.The application of high carbon materials can improve the content of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the difference between different materials is obvious.T4 treatment has the best effect.The effect of the application of high carbon materials on the soil p H value is different,and it shows a slow decline from the overall point of view.The bulk density of the soil is significantly reduced by the application of high carbon materials.Soil moisture content was increased by T3 treatment and T1 treatment,and the increase was 83.58%~154.13% and 26.56%~67.65%,respectively.5.The effect of high carbon materials on the dry and fresh weight of flue cured tobacco in the early stage and the effect of later promotion.The effect of T3 on the increase of root volume was the most significant,and reached 1.53 times as much as that of the control 90 days after transplanting.The root activity of each material was improved significantly at the later stage of transplanting,and the maximum increased by 60%,44%,57% and 47% respectively.In terms of the number of effective leaves,T4 treatment has a certain inhibitory effect on the occurrence of leaves,and this inhibition gradually decreases with the growth period.The application of high carbon materials to the stem circumference of the tobacco plant had a certain promotion,but it did not show a significant level.From the result of leaf area of flue-cured tobacco,it can be seen that the application of high carbon materials has a certain inhibition on the expansion of the early leaf,of which the inhibition effect of T4 is the most obvious.But this effect gradually diminished with the growth period.Peat and biochar in late transplanting of tobacco expansion had significant promoting effect.The application of steam explosion corn straw significantly inhibited the SPAD value of leaves at the early stage of transplanting,but the inhibitory effect gradually weakened with the growth of tobacco plant.6.High carbon materials increased the content of reducing sugar,total sugar and nicotine in tobacco leaves.Steam explosion tobacco stems and corn stalks increased the chlorine content of tobacco leaves.Steam explosion tobacco stems increased the potassium content in tobacco leaves.Mineral elements in tobacco treated with peat increased significantly compared with other treatments. |
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