Effects Of Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens TL On The Metabonomics Of The Broiler's Serum

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been used as a probiotic added to animal feed due to it's physiological functions such as secreting various digestive enzymes and inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria.It is used to improve the growing performance of animals.In this study,180 1-day-old AA broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3groups: control group(basal diet),probiotic group(basal diet + B.amyloliquefaciens TL),antibiotic group(basal diet + chlortetracycline),free drinking and feeding,fed to the 21 d and collected the serum.Body weight: Compared with the control group,the body weight of B.amyloliquefaciens TL and chlortetracycline group broilers increased by 7.6% and 6.2%,respectively,on day 21(P<0.01).It indicating that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL and chlortetracycline can improve the growing performance of broilers.Serum Metabolomics results: Using the NMR detection platform,49 metabolites were detected in the three groups,indicating that there was no difference between the three groups in terms of metabolite species,the 49 metabolites include amino acids,fatty acid,sugar,energy metabolites and intestinal microbial metabolites.the results of PLS-DA and OPLS-DA,indicating that the B.amyloliquefaciens TL group and the chlortetracycline group have different metabolic phenotypes when compared to the control group,and the chlortetracycline group and B.amyloliquefaciens TL group also have different metabolic phenotypes.These results show that B.amyloliquefaciens TL and chlortetracycline can effect broiler's nutrition metabolism and there are also difference between them.Compared with the control group,there were 22 metabolites significantly changed in the B.amyloliquefaciens TL group,and 3 metabolites were significantly higher in the B.amyloliquefaciens TL group and 19 metabolites were significantly lower in the TL group.Lactate was significantly higher in the control group than in the TL group(P<0.05).lactate is the product of glycolysis,The concentration of lactate was higher in control group,indicating that the broiler had unreasonable use of glucose.3-Hydrobutyrate and Acetone are the products of fatty acid oxidation,the concentration of them in the control group were significantly higher than that in TL group(P<0.01),It is mainly generated by the fat to meet body's needs.It indicating that TL can meet the energy need for broiler growth,and inhibit the fat oxidation of broilers to promote their growth.At the same time,3-Hydrobutyrate can reflect the oxidative status of mitochondria in liver cells.When the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate increase in the serum,the mitochondria of liver cells are in an oxidized state,which affects mitochondrial functions.In TL group,the amino acid concentrations decreased,such as glycine,alanine,serine,and leucine,while the serum urea nitrogen(BUN)concentrations in the TL group was also significantly lower than in control group(P<0.01),it may be due to the higher metabolism of amino acids in the control group.the acetate concentration in B.amyloliquefaciens TL group was significantly higher than that in control group,which also confirmed the results of the previous study,which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL can increase the cecum flora,which produce acetate.Compared with the control group,a total of 10 metabolites were significantly changed in chlortetracycline group,in which lactate(glycometabolism)was significantly higher in the control group than that in the chlortetracycline group(P<0.01),3-Hydrobutyrate and acetone(Fat oxidation productions)were also significantly higher in the control group than in chlortetracycline group(P<0.01),suggesting that chlortetracycline has a similar role in regulating broiler glucose metabolism and fat metabolism as B.amyloliquefaciens TL.Malate,fumarate and succinate were significantly lower in the chlortetracycline group than in the control group,indicating that chlortetracycline also affected the energy of broilers and reduced the energy consumption of broilers.3-Hydrobutyrate,acetone and 2-Hydrobutyrate were higher in chlortetracycline group than in TL grop.2-Hydeobutyrate has been reported as a biomarker for the detection of insulin resistance.In the chlortetracycline group,the metabolism of glycine and creatine was relatively higher,indicating that muscle cells consume more energy.In conclusion: feeding chlortetracycline and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL all have effects on serum metabolites of broilers.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL mainly affects broiler's glycometabolism and fat metabolism.They all can cut down the process of fat oxidation and glycolysis in broilers,reduce the accumulation of lactate in the body,and also have an impact on the metabolism of amino acids.chlortetracycline mainly affects the energy metabolism,fat metabolism and glucose metabolism of broilers.The effects on sugar and fat metabolism were similar to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL.This results indicating that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL and chlortetracycline not only had similar effects in regulating intestinal flora,but also had similar effects in regulating host nutrition metabolism.Both chlortetracyclinee and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL can reduce the concentrations of lactate,3-Hydrobutyrate and acetone in broiler chickens,that is to cut down the process of fat oxidation and glycolysis of broilers.Considering serum lactate,acetone and 3-Hydrobutyrate may be used as the biomarkers of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL and chlortetracycline in promoting broiler's performance.