Evaluation Of Trap Efficiency And Technique Modification For Anoplophora Glabripennis Motsch

Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae,subfamily Lamiinae),generally known as the Asian longhorned beetle(ALB),is an important trunk borer.It is highly polyphagous and attacks many hardwood trees,including Populus,Ulmus,and Salix plantations in the north part of China.Outbreaks of ALB have frequently occurred and caused serious economic and ecological losses.Some surveyors are restricted to use the binoculars to locate signs of ALB on individual trees,e.g.,oviposition scars,larval frass,and exit holes for detecting A.glabripennis infestation.Although tree climbers can climb through tree and survey ALB with 60%-75%accurate,this method is much more expensive and labor-intensive.Thus,more effective with low cost detection method to monitor ALB populations is urgently needed.Although the male-produced pheromone has been identified,effective trapping system has not been developed for ALB infestation detection and population monitoring.Therefore,a series field tests were conducted in Hengshui,Hebei province,China to evaluate effectiveness of three different trap designs loaded with male-produced pheromone and eight different attractive plant volatile candidates.Meanwhile,ecaluated the effect of color synergy trapped to ALB by Y-tube olfactometer indoor experiment.At last,to offer help for the effective measures of monitoring and control ALB infection,1-pentanol and 2-pentanol were made low-release attractants artificially and combined with color modified flight intercept panel traps for detecting the attractive effect between color of taps and different release attractants to ALB in the field condition.In addition,with the help of mark-release-recapture method to evaluate the trapping effect of chosen lures for different distance ALB,explore itself diffusion ability and the varying pattern of ALB populations,provided scientific theoretical basis for dynamic monitoring ALB.The results are as follows:1.Evaluation the effect of effective attractants,trap types and color synergy trapped for ALB1)Of three kinds of trap designs tested,the modified flight intercept panel traps which caught the highest numbers of ALB(97)were more effective than woodborer Panel traps.When modified flight intercept panel traps baited with alone 1-pentanol or 2-pentanol,caught more beetles than other types of trap and there was a significant strengthen for captured beetles which 1-pentanol or 2-pentanol was added with pheromone.2)Of the 8 chemical odors tested,1-pentanol and 2-pentanol attracted more than 60%males or females.Of the five colors tested in the Y-tube olfactometer with eight different chemical lures,two colors,green and brown,significantly synergized attraction of 2-pentanol,1-pentanol,2-pentanol+male pheromone and 2-pentanol+male pheromone to females and males than any other treatments,but there was no significant synergized attraction to eight odors among yellow,red and black.Compared with green arms,more male beetles chose brown arms when 2-pentanol,1-pentanol,pheromone+2-pentanol and male pheromone+1-pentanol were used as odors.2.Evaluation the attractive effect of combination of low release attractants and color modified flight intercept panel traps for ALBCompared with no-changed color traps,the brown modified flight intercept panel traps significantly improved attractive effect for ALB and the ratio of females was 0.58.Compared with the others slow-release attractants,the combination of 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol whose low release was 135mg/d and brown modified flight intercept panel traps could increase the captured effective of ALB.When added the pheromone which was produced by male ALB,could significantly enhance the attractive effect of ALB,especially the attractive effect of females and the ratio of females reached 0.63 and 0.67 respectively.3.Estimated attractant distance,ALB spread distance and captured ratio.We evaluated the attractant distance of normal release ratio(160mg/d),ALB spread distance and re-captured ratio by mark-release-re-captured method.The number of beetles caught by single 1-pentanol,2-pentanol,1-pentanol+pheromone and 2-pentanol+pheromone at three different distances were almost equal.All lures performed better attractive effect at close distance apart lures 10-20m,but small captured amounts of 30m apart.The spread average distance of male beetles was 35.34m,females was 44.15m.However,the spread average distance of beetles was 39.35m.Within the field test sample,the captured ratio of beetles was 5.14%,and the estimated density of ALB was 2471 by Peterson method.Finally,the best captured combination to field ALB was 135mg/d 1-pentanol or 2-pentanol which were added with pheromone respectively with brown modified trap design and there was also an enhancement effect on the caught of females.Meanwhile,we also found that the attractant distance of normal release ratio(160mg/d)1-pentanol or 2-petanol could reach to 30m,and the best captured results was performed at close distance(10-20m).When the pheromone was added,there was also an enhancement effect on the caught of females.