Effect Of Head Parts Of Tuber Character On Agronomic Characters And Yield Production And Quality Of Dioscorea Yam

Dioscoree opposita thunb is a medicinal material in henan province.It is mainly used for planting and breeding with reed and zero seeds.In view of the current situation about the quality of seedling and the good and bad are intermingled in the market,and there is no standard seedling standard.It is an urgent problem to determine the quality evaluation method for High quality yam seedlings which is suitable for pharmaceutical farmers.The experiment was based on the dioscoree opposita thunb from wenxian county,According to the size of Fresh weight,the yam bulbi were divided into different grades(less than 0.5g,0.5-1.0g,1.0-1.5g,1.5-2.0g,2.0-2.5g,greater than 2.5 g),yam rhizome head according to different use fixed number of year(use one years,use two years,use three years,use four years),different length(30 to 40 cm,40 to 50 cm,50 to 60 cm),different weights(30-50 g,50-70-g,70-90-g,90-110-g),the grading cultivation,Adopt the method of field experiment and indoor analysis To study the physiological growth characteristics of yam,to Choose the best quality bulbi,provide theoretical basis for yam science field seedlings cultivation.The main test results are as follows:1.Compare with the different weight of bulbil between germination potential and moisture content:With the increase of the bulbil weight,the number of eyes,germination potential and water content increased Gradually,head parts advantage gradually increased.The best comprehensive performance of the bulbil is when the fresh weight is more than 2.0 g.In the second place is the weight of 1.0g-2.0g,The comprehensive performance of the bulbil with the weight mass less than 1.0g is the worst.2.Effects of different weight of bulbil on emergence rate and agronomic characters about dioscorea yam Seedling:With the increase of the bulbil weight,the emergence rate,plant height and stem diameter of Chinese yam seedlings increased gradually.The best comprehensive performance of the bulbil is when the fresh weight is more than 2.0 g.In the second place is the weight of 1.0g-2.0g,The comprehensive performance of the bulbil with the weight mass less than 1.0g is the worst.3.Effect of different fresh weight of bulbil on agronomic characters of dioscorea yam:The Chinese yam harvested a year after the bulbil were sown,all agronomic characters were very poor,which could not meet the requirements of commercial yam and were only suitable for plant.For two-year-old yam,When the weight of bulbil was more than 1.5 g,the agronomic characters of yam were the best,followed by those with fresh weight between 1.0-1.5 and 0.5-1.0 respectively,but the yam produced by them met the requirements of commercial.The comprehensive performance of bulbil with fresh weight less than 0.5 g was the worst.The agronomic indexes of two-year yam were higher than that of annual yam,and the difference was significant.4.Effect of different weight bulbil on the quality of Chinese yam:The protein content of all treatments was 15%-18%and the content was higher,The soluble sugar content of annual yam was lower than 30 mg/g,while the soluble sugar content of two year old yam was above 40mg/g.The content of starch in annual yam and two-year-old yam is about 25%.The content of diosgenin was similar between annual and biennial yam,But the content of allantoin in two-year-old yam is much higher than that in year-old yam,and the content of allantoin is more than twice that of annual yam.5.Effects of different length and weight rhizome on agronomic characters and quality of yam:In terms of agronomic characters such as length,diameter,single fresh weight and dry weight,the characters of yam increased with the increase of head weight and decreased with the increase of the length of reed head.The contents of protein?diosgenin and allantoin in the yam increased with the increase of the weight of the reed head.,The starch content decreased with the increase of the weight of the reed head,The content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased with the increase of the weight of reed head.The protein content in the tuber of the yam was gradually decreasing with the increase of the length of the reed head,The content of soluble sugar?diosgenin and allantoin increased first and then decreased with the increase of the length of the reed head.6.Effects of different growth years of reed head on quality characteristics of yam:After three years' use of reed head,the rate of emergence is high,the seedling is earlier,the seedling is even,the Yam has large dry weight and fresh weight,and the content of all kinds of quality components is high.Two years of use of reed head,although the emergence of late,but the emergence rate is high,emergence neat,yam dry and fresh weight is larger,But the quality is average.The dry and fresh weight of yam was lower after four years of use and one year of use,But the quality of yam propagated by use a year's reed head was higher,and the rate of early emergence was higher,and the seedling emergence was neat.