| In this experiment,two hybrid(long × large)pregnant sows were selected,by adding different proportions of linoleic acid(LA)and linolenic acid(LNA),and study appropriate proportion of LA/LNA on reproductive performance,lactation performance,piglet growth performance,serum index,immune index,anti-oxidation index,colostrum milk composition etc.,focusing on analysis the effects on the fatty acid composition of plasma and milk in sows and piglets.Twenty-four pregnant sows with similar birth order,body condition and body weight were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups,each treatment with 6 replicates and 1 sow per replica.The experiment was designed by single factor test.Soybean oil was used as fat source in control group and soybean oil and flax seed oil were used as fat source to adjust LA/LNA ratio to 3.0,5.0 and 7.0 in the experimental group,and four groups of equal nitrogen and equal energy compound feed were prepared.The experiment started from the 91 st day of gestation of sows to 28 days of weaning piglets.The main results were as follows:(1)Results of sows growth performance,reproductive performance and piglet growth performance were shown as follows: 1)Average daily feed intake(ADFI)of late sows,ADFI of 1 to 4 weeks of lactation,ADFI of whole lactation,the whole period of lactation sows during lactation weight loss,total milk yield,milk feed ratio,back fat loss and weaning to estrus interval the difference among treatments were not significant(P>0.05),but the total amount of lactation has increasing trend(P = 0.091),compared with the control group(LA/LNA = 7.98),the milk yield of sows in the LA/LNA 7.0 group was higher than that of the control group,reaching a maximum value(P<0.10).2)There was no significant difference in the incidence of litter,litter number,number of healthy offspring,the incidence of intrauterine growth of piglets,the initial litter weight,and the initial average weight difference(P>0.05).Foster piglets after birth litter weight,birth weight,weaning weight,weaning weight,average weaning weight,average daily gain(ADG)and 28 days of age,the survival rate of piglets in each treatment had no significant difference(P>0.05),but found that adding different proportions of LA/LNA had the tendency to increase the weight of weaning piglets,and the LA/LNA 7.0 group has the greatest effect(P<0.10).(2)Results of serum biochemical index,immune index,antioxidant index,colostrum milk composition index showed that: 1)Adding a suitable ratio of LA/LNA to the diet can significantly reduce total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels(P < 0.05),significantly lower high-density lipoprotein(HDL)levels(P < 0.01).But to alanine aminotransferase(GPT)and aspartate aminotransferase(GOT),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)and globulin(GLO),glucose(GLU)and triglyceride(TG)differences between different treatments were not significant(P>0.05).There were no significant differences on the content of piglets serum GPT,TP,ALB,GLO,GLU,TC,TG,HDL and LDL(P>0.05),but ALB has a tendency to increase with the ratio of LA/LNA,and the LN/LNA 7 group has the maximum value(P < 0.10);HDL has a tendency to decrease with the ratio of LA/LNA,and the LN/LNA 7.0 group had the minimum value(P<0.10).2)There was no significant difference in serum immunoglobulin Ig A,Ig G and Ig M in colostrum,sows and piglets diets with different ratios of LA/LNA in sow diets during late pregnancy and lactation(P>0.05).However,LA/LNA in different proportions increased the trend of Ig G in sows and piglets serum,and had a maximum value at LA/LNA ratio of 7.0(P<0.10),while Ig M in sow serum also increased along with the change of LA/LNA ratio(P<0.10).3)For sow serum,the appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly increase the content of SOD,GSH-Px and TAOC(P<0.05),while the malondialdehyde(MDA)content had no significant effect(P > 0.05).For milk,there was no significant difference in MDA content between colostrum and normal milk in different ratios of LA/LNA(P>0.05).LA/LNA 7.0 significantly increased SOD content in colostrum compared with the other three groups(P<0.05).Compared with LA/LNA 3.0,LA/LNA 7.0 group can significantly increased the content of T-AOC in colostrum(P<0.05),there was no significant effect on the content of GSH-Px,but there was a certain trend of improvement(P<0.10).LA/LNA 7 group can significantly improve the content of GSH-Px and T-AOC in normal milk(P<0.05),while the LA/LNA of different proportions has no significant difference in the content of SOD in the common milk(P>0.05).For piglets serum,the appropriate proportion of LA/LNA can significantly increase the content of GSHPx in piglets serum(P<0.05),and has no significant effect on the content of MDA,SOD and T-AOC(P>0.05),but it has the trend of decreasing MDA and improving SOD content(P<0.10).4)The appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly increase the content of milk protein in colostrum,and the LA/LNA 7.0 group has the best effect(P<0.05).Different ratios of LA/LNA had no significant effect on milk fat,lactose,and total solids in colostrum(P>0.05).(3)Results of plasma fatty acid composition of sow plasma,colostrum,normal milk and piglets showed that: 1)The appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly improve the saturated fatty acid(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio,especially the content of C16:0,C18:0,C18:1n-9,C20:1n-9 and C18:2n-6,and had a maximum value in the LA/LNA 7.0 group(P<0.01),but the content of n-3PUFA had no significant effect(P>0.05).2)The appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly increase the content of SFA,MUFA and n-6PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in colostrum(P<0.01);reduce the content of n-3PUFA including C18:3n-3,C20:5n-3,C22:6n-3 and C18:3n-6,and the effect was most obvious effect in LA/LNA 7.0 group(P<0.01).3)The appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly increase MUFA,n-6PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in normal milk,and reduce the content of SFA and n-3 PUFA,and the effect of LA/LNA was the most effective when it reached 7.0(P<0.01).4)The appropriate ratio of LA/LNA can significantly increase the plasma MUFA,n-6PUFA content and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of piglets,especially the content of C18:0,C16:1n-7,C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6,decreased the content of SFA,and when the LA/LNA reaches 7.0,the effect of the maximum(P<0.01),while the content of n-3PUFA had no significant effect(P>0.05).In conclusion: when the LA/LNA ratio was 7.0,the performance,immune function,antioxidant capacity,and milk quality of lactating sows and piglets could be improved,and the fatty acid composition of sows,milk and piglets could be significantly affected. |
PDF Full Text Request