| Because of the artficial selection and cultivating long term,resulting in a large number of excellent common wheat genes is missing.Modern cultivated wheat can not adapt to the need of stable high yield,high quality and disease-resistant on account of genetic basis becoming increasingly narrow and fragile.Exploring available germplasm resources,by interspecific hybridization,those recombinant types through gene pyramiding and accumulating could cultivate plenty of improved varieties.It is of great significance to increasing the amount of genetic diversity available to wheat breeders.In this research,based on the analysis of genetic traits and molecular markers of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat,the recombinant types of high yield,good quality and disease resistance were identified by phenotypic and molecular marker in the F2 populations of Ningchun 4 x Hedong black wheat ?,Ningchun 4 x Hedong black wheat II,Hedong black wheat I xNingchun 4 and Hedong black wheat ? xNingchun 4.The main results were as follows:(1)The agronomic and quality traits analysis?The parent Ningchun 4 was lower in plant height(average 86.25 cm),longer in spike length(10.63 cm),heavier in grain weight per spike and thousand seed weight(1.69 g and 40.18 g,respectively)compared with Hedong black wheat.Hedong black wheat ? had more spikelet number and kernels per spike(20.56 and 18.74)than Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat I.Hedong black wheat I was higher(0.42)in economic coefficient than the other two.Hedong black wheat(I and II)had more effective tillers than Ningchun 4(6.15).Meanwhile,each index of agronomic traits in F2 populations showed significant difference.The proportion of spikelet number,economic coefficient and effective tillers over mid-parent were 55.31%,78.02%,70.33%,and over the highest parent were 41.39%,68.86%,44.69%in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat I,respectively.The proportion of economic coefficient and effective tillers over mid-parent were 78.55%and 80.06%,and they were 75.23%and 57.40%to over the highest parent in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat ?.? Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat(I and II)all belonged to middle hard wheat.The protein content,gluten content,and zeleny sedimentation showed,Hedong black wheat I(17.46%,39.61%,57.20 mL,respectively)>Hedong black wheat II(13.74%,27.86%,21.44 mL)>Ningchun 4(13.07%,24.41%,20.53 mL).Compared with Hedong black wheat,Ningchun 4 was larger in the grain full index(0.71),longer in dough stability time(9.45 min).The water absorption ratio and gelatinization temperature of Hedong black wheat I were larger(60.00%and 58.60?respectively)than the two other,Hedong black wheat II was longer in dough development time(2.82 min).Meanwhile,the each quality trait index of F2 populations showed significant difference and normal distribution curves.The proportion of protein content,gluten content and zeleny sedimentation over mid-parent were 84.52%,92.46%,99.60%,and 82.94%,90.48%,99.60%to over the highest parent in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat II,respectively.?Relevant analysis on the agronomic and quality traits showed,more effective tillers and spikelet number were benificial to increase spike number and the weight per spike.Economic coefficient was significant positive correlated with grain number per spike and grain weight per spike.While it were significant negative correlated with protein content,gluten content,and zeleny sedimentation.Protein content,gluten content,and zeleny sedimentation had significant positive correlation with each other.(2)Identification of disease resistance Ningchun 4 was moderate susceptible(MS)to powdery mildew,the disease grade(DG)was 5?6,moderately susceptible(MS)to stripe(DG 3,disease index average was 45.28,as the same following)and leaf rust(3,45.41).Hedong black wheat was highly resistant(HR)to powdery mildew(DG 1?2),moderately resistant(MR)to stripe(2,28.33)and leaf rust(2,28.75).20.89%plants were MR-HR to powdery mildew,16.85%be MR-HR to stripe rust,15.39%be MR-HR to leaf rust in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat I.While,12.45%,16.12%,15.02%and 12.45%plants showed resistance to stripe and leaf rust,powdery mildew and stripe,powdery mildew and leaf rust,all three diseases,respectively.20.54%,16.32%,15.71%plants were MR-HR to powdery mildew accounted,MR-HR to stripe rust,MR-HR to leaf rust,While,16.31%,15.71%,14.50%,9.97%plants showed resistance to stripe and leaf rust,powdery mildew and stripe rust,powdery mildew and leaf rust,all three diseases in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat II,respectively.(3)Molecular Marker Analysis Both Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat carried genes Wx-Ala/b,Wx-Bla/b,Wx-Dla/b,Dy12,Pm2,Pm4,Pm6,Sr31.Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat I carried gene BX17.Hedong black wheat(I and II)had genes Pm 16,Yr2 and gibberellic resistance gene QFhs.ndsu-3BS.Ningchun 4 carried gene Psy-A1.There were 72.02%,72.02%,88.41%,59.60%in all 604 plants carrying genes QFhs.ndsu-3BS,Pml6,Psy-Al,Yr2 in F2 populations,respectively.70.39%in 331 plants carried gene BX17 in F2 populations from the cross of Ningchun 4 and Hedong black wheat ?.Simultaneously,127 SSR and 7 ISSR markers were screened in the parents,and the polymorphism rate were 17.00%and 7.00%respectively.Moreover,49 SSR stable polymorphism markers were used to analysis the 604 plants of F2 populations.89 Minor QTLs including 23 markers were detected,those distributed on chromosomes 2A,4A,5A,1B,2B,3B,5B,7B,5D,6D and 7D,their additive effect were from-2.95 to 1.92,and the contribution rato for phenotypic variation was from 2%to 9%.(4)Evaluation of single plant in F2 population 49 plants with excellent agronomic characters,79 plants with outstanding quality traits and 67 plants with resistance to powdery mildew,stripe rust and leaf rust were identified.Among them,No.1-203 and 1-234 with excellent comprehensive characters. |
PDF Full Text Request