Effects Of Straw Return Field And Fertilizer Application On Winter Wheat Growth And Soil Physical And Chemical Properties

Straw is not only an important biological resource,but also the main by-product of crops,China is a very rich agricultural country straw resources,in recent years,with the change of farm fuel use,resulting in the utilization rate of crop stalks decreased,most farmers for easy to burn straw,straw burning not only caused by waste of agricultural resources,Moreover,the large-scale burning of crop straw leads to environmental pollution and even affects traffic safety.Straw not only contains more organic matter,but also is rich in a certain amount of nutrients such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Straw returning to field can effectively improve soil nutrient status,it is of great significance to alleviate the contradiction between the imbalance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer,to make up the deficiency of phosphorus and potassium,to reduce the waste of resources and to decrease the pollution of the environment,so as to promote the growth of crops,achieve the incomes purpose,and reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution.The low yield of black soil in sand-ginger is due to its heavy texture,poor structure,low organic matter content,poor nutrients and bad tillage.In this experiment,the effects of straw returning field and fertilizer application on winter wheat growth and soil physical and chemical properties were studied in the wheat-corn rotation model of the black soil area of the sand-ginger,and the theoretical basis and practical experience were provided to guide the efficient cultivation of wheat in black soil area.The main results were as follows:1.Straw returning to field and applying fertilizer treatment significantly increased the seedling number and emergence rate of wheat,was advantageous to the formation of high yield groups,improved soil physical and chemical properties,improved the soil moisture content and water use efficiency of wheat in different growth period,significantly increased photosynthetic performance of wheat functional leaves Population photosynthetic production efficiency and dry matter accumulation,the accumulation of nutrients before anthesis and the transfer of leaves were effectively promoted.2.The total amount of wheat and corn stalk returned to the field with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the number of grains,the weight ofthousand grains and the number of spike were also increased in different degree,the number of small spike,spikelet size and single grain weight of main stem and tiller were obvious,which increased the grain yield of wheat.Meanwhile,the wheat corn stalk returning to the field and applying the fertilizer treatment effectively improved the quality index of wheat protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,hardness and bulk density,and the starch content decreased slightly.3.The full amount of corn stalk increased the soil water content of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil in winter wheat growth period,and improved water use efficiency and tillage layer drought resistance.The full amount of corn stalk was also beneficial to increase grain size and grain weight,and the grain quality of wheat was increased synchronously.