| In recent years,in the development of Camellia Oleifera industrial,there are a series of problems,such as low yield in early stage of afforestation,management and maintenance of large employment,serious soil erosion in some areas.To adopt the compound management is the way that the Camellia oleifera industry often uses,realize to take the tillage.In this study,a typical forest was selected in Qingtian and Jiande areas of Zhejiang province,respectively,"Camellia Oleifera+herbage","Camellia Oleifera+tea"and other complex business models,the effects of different modes on the growth,physical and chemical properties,soil and water conservation and yield of Camellia oleifera were studied.The suitable local Camellia Oleifera compound management model was screened out,and the cultivation techniques of the corresponding model were developed.The main findings are as follows:(1)In the study of Camellia Oleifera-compound management system,the roots of Camellia Oleifera were mainly distributed in the horizontal range and 10~40cm of the trunk 0~60cm,and the grass was mainly distributed in the 0~20cm soil layer.The fine root biomass of Camellia Oleifera was 1.37 times that of the rat thatch,and the Levins Competition index of Camellia Oleifera was 0.18 higher than that of the grass,and the root of Camellia Oleifera moving down 0~10cm.(2)The results showed that tea,corn and potato intercropping increased water content of 18.11%,5%and 20.71%in the soil of Camellia Oleifera plantation respectively.Soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 9.57%in intercropping corn with Camellia Oleifera.However,the microbial biomass carbon of tea and potato were reduced by26.77%and 24.41%respectively.For the soil enzyme activity,the activity of the catalase was increased by 110.7%,178.5%and 67.86%,but the activity of the phosphatase was decreased by the intercropping of tea,corn and potato.The activity of sucrose enzyme and urease in tea soil was increased by 39.1%and 7.57%respectively,while the corn and potato intercropping decreased their activity.(3)Intercropping of Camellia oleifera green manure crops rye grass,rat thatch,April-July surface runoff decreased 18.5%~58.9%and 17.9%~70.3%respectively.The total loss of total nitrogen,total soluble nitrogen,total phosphorus,total soluble phosphorus,total potassium and soluble potassium in the surface runoff decreased by62.48%,56.17%,59.72%,57.97%,62.97%and 61.76%respectively,compared with the control group.The effect of ryegrass on reducing surface nutrient loss was weaker,compared with the control group,total nitrogen,total soluble nitrogen,total phosphorus,total soluble phosphorus,total potassium,total soluble potassium were still reduced by30.95%,24.42%,25.03%,28.22%,32.97%and 30.42%.The concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different forms had a certain degree of decrease.(4)In"Camellia oleifera+herbage(rye grass,rat thatch)"area,the distribution of soil grain size mainly consists of viscous grains(<0.002mm)and silt(0.002~0.05mm),and the fractal dimension of soil is 2.681~2.882,in order:CK<Rye grass<Rat thatch.In addition,the content of water content,organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus,effective phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium in the topsoil soil of Camellia oleifera were obviously improved by the intercropping of the grass,and the increase was as follows:4.43%,65.8%,66.1%,135.27%,27.78%,26.05%,4.77%,52.5%;Ryegrass intercropping increased the content of water content,organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolytic nitrogen,total phosphorus,effective phosphorus and available potassium in the topsoil soil of Camellia oleifera forest,and the increase was:6.63%,133.48%,119.44%,139.31%,130%,390.85%,34.34%.(5)Camellia Oleifera intercropping Tea Forest Each 667m2 produces white tea(fresh)27-31kg,tea fruit above 300kg,the economic benefit amounted to 3000 yuan/667 m~2,the economic benefit of Camellia Oleifera forest increased more than 50%. |
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