Morphological Comparative Study Of Different Varieties Of Chicken Embryonic Leg Muscle And Breast Muscle Development

Chicken leg muscle and breast muscle are one of the most important parts of poultry skeletal muscle,and their development and composition are closely related with the meat production efficiency and meat quality.Study on the quality of chicken has broad prospects.Different varieties of chicken have a greater difference in skeletal muscle flavor and tenderness.But the cause of this difference still re main unknown.To do a basic research of the characteristic of skeletal muscle in different varieties of chicken is a method to find the cause of this difference.At present,there are many studies on the relationship between muscle fiber properties and meat quality in chicken,however,few of them have a study on the chicken embryonic stages of muscle fiber differentiation and fusion.Ten embryo day(E10)to E18 is an important period in the formation of muscle fibers,and it is also a key period in deciding the number of muscle fibers.Study on this period can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the characteristics of different varieties of muscle fiber,and it can also provide help to find out the difference of meat quality in different chicken varieties.In this study,as the experimental material,the leg muscles and breast muscles from E10 to E18 of fast growth yellow chicken(FGY chicken),Zhusi chicken,dwarf yellow chicken(DY chicken)and Xinhua chicken are used to observed and measured the dia meter and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber,comparing the differences of embryonic leg muscle and breast muscle growth between different varieties of chicken.The results are as follows: 1.During the embryonic development process of leg muscle,FGY chicken has formed a complete muscle fiber profile at E12,followed by the Zhusi chicken at E13,DY chicken and Xinghua chicken are all formed a complete muscle fiber profile at E14.2.During the embryonic development process of breast muscle,FGY chicken has formed a complete muscle fiber profile at E12,followed by the Zhusi chicken and Xinghua chicken at E15,DY chicken formed a complete muscle fiber profile at E17.3.All varieties of leg muscle fiber diameter increases with the increase of embryo age.However,the leg muscle diameter has no significant difference between varieties.4.The breast muscle are growth slowly during embryonic development.With the increase of embryo age,breast muscle diameter growth slowly and obscure,and there was no significant difference in muscle fiber diameter among the four varieties.5.Leg muscle development is obviously faster than the breast muscle.The leg muscle in the four varieties can observe intact muscle fiber profile at E14,but the breast muscle can observe intact muscle fiber profile at E17 in all four varieties.Besides,leg muscle fiber diameter was significantly bigger than the same period of breast muscle fiber diameter.In conclusion,skeletal muscle development is difference in varieties.The larger a nd faster growth chickens have earlier muscle fiber fusion complete day than the smaller and slow growth chickens.However,the muscle fiber diameter has no significant difference between varieties in the late embryonic period.Leg muscle development is faster than the breast muscle,and the leg muscle fiber diameter was bigger than the breast muscle during every embryonic ages.