| In order to scientifically establish the tea garden nutrient management scheme,and to improve the management level of the tea production of Pu'er City,this paper,regarding the city representative tea as the research object,makes a investigation and study in a way of questionnaire survey to the education degree,the level of nutrient management awareness and fertilization status from 43 farmers.Besides,it also makes a analysis to the change of soil and plant nutrient contents,hopefully with these datas to put forward resonable management plan of Pu'er tea.The following results are obtained:(1)Tea farmers of Pu'er city have low education degree and no professional training,so they are empty-headed for the regulation of tea tree's fertilizer supply.In the survey sample,Pu'er tea with low education degree and no professional training,so the tea fertilizer law does not understand,unreasonable fertilization,in the survey sample,98% are the junior high school education or below,farmers income in 1000-3000 yuan / 667m2 account for 64%,when the investment is in 200-400 yuan / 667m2,output reached maximum,the cost is mainly from fertilizer,among 63% of tea farmers,the fertilizer cost is account for above 60% of total cost.The average yield of tea plantation is 72.25kg/ 667m2 of dry tea,and the average application amount ofnitrogen,phosphorus and potassium is 19.13kg/ 667m2,6.06kg/ 667m2 and 5.63kg/667m2.(2)The formula of fertilizer for tea farmers is not reasonable,N:P2O5:K2 among which 4:1.5:1 has the highest proportion,reaches 30%,1:1:1 accounts for 27%,2.5:1:1.5 accounts for 12%,and the rest accounts for 31%.The farmers fertilization is unreasonable,one time per year accounted for 33%,two times accounted for 39%,fertilizer time is relatively concentrated,mainly to the end of December at the end of November,but the top dressing time difference in May,June and July were scattered.(3)In different months,The difference was small in soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content of different sampling,but as a whole total N and potassium content is October >May >February,the total phosphorus content is May > February >October.The content of nitrogen is less than 1g/kg,and the whole content is low,the average content of total phosphorus is 0.66g/kg,which belongs to the middle level;and the total potassium content is higher than 9g/kg,and the content is more abundantand.The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was the most abundant in May,and the average content was 129.94mg/kg.In October and the following year in February,the content was below 70mg/kg,and the content was lack.In October,the content of available phosphorus is most abundant in May,and in February the following year,low yielding tea garden available phosphorus content were 11.20mg/kg,3.8mg/kg,the medium yield has 15.27mg/kg and 10.24mg/kg respectively the content is lack,can not meet the requirements of the growth of tea,available potassium and organic matter content is rich.(4)The content of exchangeable magnesium in tea garden was October >May >February and the content of Mg in soil was more abundant.In each month,the content of Mg in tea plantation was more than 50mg/kg,which reached the standard of high yield and good quality tea plantation.The available iron content was the most abundant in October and the lowest in May.The content of available manganese in middle and high yield tea plantations was significantly higher than that of February in October,significantly higher than that in May.The content of available Cu in tea garden soil October > February >May,the content of available zinc and availablecopper was lowest in May,which was lower than that of high quality and high yield tea plantation.(5)A new tea bud and two leaf nitrogen content was highest in October,are distributed in the reference range(35-60g/kg),content was 43.76g/kg,followed by May content is 38.04g/kg,February was the lowest,only has 24.33g/kg were distributed in 4 grade,average value is 24.33g/kg,lower than the reference value of30.5%.Apart from February 24.3% phosphorus content is higher than the reference value(2-10g/kg),the rest reach the normal level.The potassium content in tea plantation is on the low level as a whole,the average value is 12.62g/kg.Calcium and magnesium levels were higher overall.The manganese content reached the maximum in February the following year,content was 152.93mg/kg,in May 8.1% the copper content is lower than the reference value(10-65mg/kg),the rest are in the normal range,were lower than the limits the amount of provisions of China's Ministry of Agriculture Tea in copper,the copper content in general to achieve green standards.The zinc whole content is abundant of each picking period,in October reached the maximum value,the lowest in February. |
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