Research On Grazing Ways And Grassland Changes Of Typical Steppe After 1980s

The northeast of Inner Mongolia in China and the east of Mongolia are the main distribution-area of typical steppe.Both of them have similar terrain?vegetation types?histories of nomadic husbandry?society-culture,but have different management-model on animal husbandry,Mongolia still maintains a nomadic production and life style that is an old grazing patterns of nomads who living on Mongolian Plateau,also Mongolian's main grazing patterns.Recent 30 years,Inner Mongolia has carried out “grassland-livestock double contract system”,the grazing pattern have experienced three stages,such as nomadic?semi-nomadic and settled grazing.Gone with the changes of grazing by net in Inner Mongolia,grazing space has been reduced small parts that conduct the grazing patterns from nomadic to settled grazing system.It is very important problem that nomadic husbandry facing is what kind of grazing system can protect Mongolian Plateau's ecosystem.Therefore,this paper used the method of combining theoretical research with field investigation to analyze the Mongolian Taosen Bage,Nalan village and the area of similar natural geographical background Alatantaogaotu Gacha,the north of Abaga Banner of Inner Mongolia in China.By analyzing dynamic changes of NDVI?temperature and precipitation?field test data of study area to explain the effects of grassland grazing on the transformation of grassland communities were analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)By comparising two Gacha's data of temperature(1986-2016)and precipitation(1986-2012)that received from weather station in study area,both of their tendency are basicaly similar but Alantaogaotu's value a bit higher than Taosen bage that more benificial for grassland grow up more naturaly.(2)From the NDVI dynamic changes of study areas in1989?1995?2003 and 2016 can see,level1 ?level 4 and level 5 vegetation coverage value keep small percents in total coverage,respectively during 0.69%-3.02%?0.04%-3.61% and 0%-0.61%,level of the second ?the third vegetation coverage change obviously.Compared with 1989,the second level of vegetation coverage increased slightly in 1995,but by 2003?2016 level 2 vegetation coverage changed to level 3 coverage grassland.(3)At present,Mongolia still keep nomadic grazing pattern and life style while Alatantaogaotu Gacha of Inner Mongolia carrid out seasonal nomadic grazing before pasture land were divided to nomads,then people experienced two-season rotational grazing ? semi-feeding and semi-grazing period after pasture have separated to person.From grassland communities sample test in 2016,we can find that under the nomadic grazing plant dominance is greater than 10% of plants are Carex duriuscula ? Leymus chinensis,dominance value are respectively 27.84%?12.98%,like Stipa krylovii?Artemisia frigida ?Chenopodum acuminatum and Chenopodum glaucum also appeared in pasture area while in settled grazing area where value of plant dominance is greater than 10% of plants are Stipa krylovii?Cleistogenes squarrosa,dominance are 14.65% ?11.45 %,meanwhile,some grassland degradation indictive plants,just like Caragana microphylla ? Caragana stenophylla have increased promptly that of greater 2.82% than nomadic grazing area,like Salsola collina and Chenopodium types one year plants account of more and more in pasture communities,beside some unstable plant like Chenopodium aristatum ?also have Convolvulus ammannii.Under similar natural background,using different grazing patterns will bring different effects to plant communities in typical steppe,good understanding of that,will offer scientific advice for protecting typical steppe's natural ecosystem and sustainable development of animal husbandry.