| The vocalization of fish plays an important role in population,interaction,defense and predation.It is indispensable especially for the courtship of vocal fish.In a vocal fish of Marbled Rockfish(Sebastiscus marmoratus),their sonic muscle is used to produce the active voice.The species produce sound through the high-speed contraction of the sonic muscle,which causes the swimming bladder vibration.There are two symmetrical sonic muscles attached to the dorsal part of their swimming bladder.During the breeding season,the males compete for attracting the females individually by producing special sound and lead female to their own habitat for matting respectively.The quality of the males' matting sound contributes a great significance to the reproduction success,however,that is greatly related to the development of their sonic muscles.In order to understand the development of the sonic muscle in the Marbled Rockfish,this study quantified the relationship of the size and weight of sonic muscles to the individual body size and weight.The results indicate that the length and weight of the sonic muscles were positively correlated with individual body length and weight,respectively.The correlation between weight of the sonic muscles and individual body weight was more obvious in males along with their gonadal developmental stages.The ratio of sonic muscle length to total body length,as well as the ratio of muscle weight to body weight were both higher in the mature stage than in the pre-or early gonadal development stage.Moreover,the sonic muscles atrophied in female be fertilized.There was no significant difference in the morphology of sonic muscles between the gonadal mature stage and the pre-or early gonadal development stage in male.Voice communication plays an extremely important role in the behavior of fish that rely on sound.Whether the voice communication could transmit the response signal completely,and the information in communicated properly and effectively or not,not only are decided by the individual productive signal,the efficiency of sound signal is transmitted,and ability of individuals to receive signals also determines the result of information transmission.Many studies have showed that man-made noise affects the sound transmission of fish.It affects the physiology of the transmission of fish vocal signals,stresses behavior of the population,it has a serious impact on even fish life.The development and utilization of marine resources have caused serious marine noise pollution,which have an impact on fish exchanges and mating,especially interfere the fish that live on sound behavior.It can damage the hearing and hearing system of fish,injurie to fish,even lead to the death directly.As a result,the survival of some marine fish is threatened,and the balance of marine ecological environment is destroyed.The hair cells of the inner ear of some auditory-sensitive fish showed apoptosis after exposure to noise.And differences gene expression associated with growth,immunity,and hearing also attracted attention.In order to explore whether the Marbled Rockfish also affected by the ship's noise,our laboratory has evaluated the influences on auditory thresholds,physiology,and behavior.Among them,the topic of this thesis is to explore the genetic basis for physiological changes and the potential effects of noise on the Marbled Rockfish,through molecular microarray analysis and quantitative PCR.We explored the genetic basis for physiological changes and explored the potential effects on hearing-sensitive fish through microarray transcriptome analysis,quantitative PCR and other molecular biology methods.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that1019 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in brain tissue transcripts after exposure.In liver tissue transcripts,665 genes were upregulated and 677 genes were down-regulated.Transcripts of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis pathway,citric acid cycle-TCA cycle pathway,pentose phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation pathway related genes were upregulated,indicating noise affected the physiological processes of the Marbled Rockfish.The ship noise(sound energy frequency peak at frequency of 200 Hz,sound pressure level SPL: 132 dB re 1uPa)on the Marbled Rockfish was test in the laboratory,was in auditory threshold of the Marbled Rockfish(80-200Hz).After 12 hours of noise exposure,total RNA was extracted from the liver and brain using Trizol Reagent and be used for transcriptome analysis and qPCR validation.In this study,the transcriptome sequencing analysis and quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)were used to investigate the changes of brown planthopper gene expression before and after noise exposure,and whether the expression level of possible related genes was changed before and after noise exposure was analyzed.There was no significant difference in growth hormone expression in blister brain tissue between the exposed group and controlled group,RXR? was downregulated(P < 0.05).There was no significant change in RXR?.The expression of thyroid hormone TR? was up-regulated(P < 0.05),and Calmodulin was up-regulated(P < 0.05).As well as TR? was down-regulated(P < 0.01),whereas calmodulin was down-regulated(P < 0.01)in the liver tissue after exposure.The results show that the noise exposure had an effect on the physiology of the Marbled Rockfish and may lead to organ tissue damage. |
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