Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management On Absorption And Utilization Of Nitrogen,Yield And Quality Of Peanut

The experiment was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University and the town of Manduhu in Liaoning province in 2016 and 2017,respectively.In 2016,the research was to explore reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and development,physiological and biochemical characteristics,nitrogen absorption and utilization and yield at four nitrogen gradient levels,including N1（120kg·hm^-22 ammonium sulfate）,N2(210kg·hm^-2ammonium sulfate),N3（300kg·hm^-22 ammonium sulfate）,N4（390kg·hm^-22 ammonium sulfate）andN5（480kg·hm^-22 ammonium sulfate）.The optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer was screened based on test results in 2016 and different application periods of nitrogen fertilizer was conducted in 2017,including T1（No application）,T2（base fertilizer）,T3（1/2base fertilizer and 1/2 dressing at seedling stage）,T4（1/2base fertilizer and 1/2florescence stage）,T5（1/3base fertilizer,1/3 dressing at seedling stage and 1/3 florescence stage）and T6（1/2dressing at seedling stage and 1/2 florescence stage）.The study was to explore the reasonable application period of nitrogen fertilizer by analyze of growth and development,physiological and biochemical characteristics,nitrogen absorption and utilization and yield of Nonghua5,and to provide theoretical basis for application of peanut nitrogen fertilizer in Liaoning province.The experimental results showed that:1.The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer dosage and different fertilization methods on the main stem height,lateral branch length,leaf area per plant and SPAD of Nonghua 5 are significant.The experiments show that:the peanut main stem,lateral branch length,leaf area per plant and SPAD show the optimal performance of N5 treatment effect under different nitrogenous fertilizer levels.Under different fertilization methods,the peanut morphological indexes were optimized with T2 treatment in the early stage,and T5 treatment was optimized in the middle and late stage of birth.2.The amount of different nitrogen fertilizer and different fertilization methods had significant effect on the accumulation of peanut dry matter.The experiments showed that:under different nitrogen levels,the amount of dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than that of other treatments with N3,N4 and N5 treating after the seedling is 48d.The amount of dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than that of other treatments.,and the difference between N3,N4 and N5 treatment was not significant（P>0.05）.Under different fertilization methods,the differences between different treatments were not significant（P>0.05）in earlier growing stage.T3 treatment performance was optimal after the applying fertilizers in seedling stage.T3 and T5 treatment showed the best performance after the applying fertilizers in pod-pin stage,with significant difference between each treatment（P<0.05）.3.The net Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci were significantly affected by different fertilization methods of Nonghua 5.The experiments showed that:the seedling stage and the pod-pin stage could improve the photosynthetic ability of Nonghua 5.Among them,the variation trend of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was about the same,during the pod bearing period,T4 treatment was optimized,and T5 was optimized during the fullness fruiting period.In general,there was no significant difference in the concentration of carbon dioxide between the cells.4.The effects of different nitrogen fertilizers and different fertilization methods on the nitrogen accumulation of Nonghua 5 were significant.The experiments showed that:the differences between N3,N4 and N5 were not significant at different nitrogen levels,significantly higher than N1 and N2 treatment（P<0.05）.Under different fertilization methods,the performance of each treatment in the accumulation of nitrogen in the pod was different,and the optimal treatment was at T2 and T3 treatment in the early stage of progrowth,and T5treatment was the best treatment in the middle and late stage of the birth.5.The effect of different fertilization methods on the activity of peanut nitrogen metabolism was significant.The activity of NR,GS and GDH was significantly increased in applying fertilizers in seedling stage and the pod-pin stage period.The activity of nitrogen metabolism in the leaves of T4 and T5 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments（P<0.05）after applying fertilizers in seedling stage;T5 treatment made the nitrogen metabolism enzyme the highest in the leaves after applying fertilizers in pod-pin stage period.6.The effects of different fertilization methods on peanut endogenous hormones were significant.The experiments showed that:the changes of ABA content were most obvious before and after the insertion of the needle.After the seedling stage,the content of IAA in the T5 treatment was the highest,the ABA content was the lowest,and the differences between GA₃ and TZR in each treatment were small.The content of IAA,GA₃ and TZR was the highest in T4treatment after applying fertilizers in the pod-pin stage period.7.The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application and different fertilization methods on the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer were significant.The experiments showed that:the utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was negatively correlated with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer under different nitrogen levels.Under different fertilization methods,the nitrogen utilization rate of T5 treatment was higher than that of other treatments.8.The effects of different nitrogen fertilizers and different fertilization methods on the yield of Nonghua No.5.The experiment showed that:Under different nitrogen levels,increasing nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of peanut,and excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer could have a inhibitory effect.The highest yield of N3 treatment was5416.7kg·hm^-2.Under different fertilization methods,T5 treatment had the highest yield.The output of the two places was 5361.1kg·hm^-2and 5669.1kg·hm^-2,respectively.In summary,the maximum yield of Nonghua 5 was obtained because the plant morphology was most reasonable under N3 treatment of nitrogen fertilizer,the accumulation and the transfer of nitrogen were the most optimal.On the basis of N3 treatment,T5 treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer application,the plant organs development balance,nitrogen metabolism activity and nitrogen utilization rate was highest,so the yield was the highest.Therefore,under the premise of N3(300kg·hm^-2ammonium sulfate)nitrogen fertilizer usage,T5 treatment could be used in field production.