High Yield And High Efficiency Technology And Application In Mechanized Transplanting Japonica Rice With Wheat Straw Returning

The growth and development characteristics of wheat straw returning machine-transplanted japonica rice were studied by using conventional medium-sized japonica rice "Yangjing 805"as material.The effects of wheat straw returning and water and fertilizer management on Yield and quality of Japonica Rice Transplanted by wheat straw returning machine were studied.According to the test results and the practice of large-scale production,the technical regulations for high yield,high quality and high efficiency of wheat straw returning machine transplanting Japonica rice were formulated.The experiment and demonstration of wheat straw returning machine transplanting Japonica rice were carried out to provide basis for large-scale production.The main results are as follows:1.There was a significant negative correlation between the length of wheat straw chopping and the rate of mechanical rotary tillage,and the highest rate was 5.3%of the length of wheat straw chopping.With the prolongation of paddy time,the soil hardness of different soil depths decreased correspondingly,and the straw rate,smoothness and work efficiency of field operation increased.It is clear that mechanical chopping and mechanical returning of wheat straw will not increase power and fuel consumption.2.With the increase of wheat straw returning years,the amount of soil organic matter and total nitrogen gradually increased,and soil bulk density gradually decreased.After wheat straw returning to fields,the decomposition process consumed nitrogen and produced organic acids,and earlier application of nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the content of soil organic acids.With the increase of wheat straw returning years,the content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium gradually increased.Returning straw to field plays an important role in soil fertility.3.The grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased by returning wheat straw to the field,and the rice yield was significantly increased.When the total nitrogen application was 300 kg/hm2 and the tiller fertilizer was applied at 6:4,the grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were increased,thus the yield was increased.Returning wheat straw to field also significantly improved milled rice rate and gel consistency,reduced chalkiness and chalkiness,and improved rice quality.During grain filling stage,when mild water stress(soil water potential was-25 kpa),milled rice rate and head rice rate increased significantly,chalky grain rate and chalkiness decreased,gel consistency increased,processing quality,appearance quality and cooking quality improved significantly.4.Returning wheat straw to the field reduced the N content of rice plants in the middle tillering stage,but the N,P and K content of other growth stages were higher in the treatment of returning wheat straw to the field than in the treatment of leaving the field.Leaf area index of wheat straw returning treatment before booting stage was significantly higher than that of wheat straw returning treatment,but it was opposite after booting stage.The ratio of high-efficient leaf area,high-efficient leaf area and grain-leaf ratio increased significantly in wheat straw returning treatment at heading stage,which indicated that photosynthetic capacity of wheat straw returning treatment population increased after heading,which was high yield and high quality of wheat straw returning treatment.Physiological basis.