Discussion On The Promotion Space Of Mechanized Production Of Rice And Wheat In Huanghai Branch

Agricultural mechanization is important for modern agriculture and it is also a symbol of constructing agricultural modernization.With the agriculture development in China,the demand for agricultural machinery is also growing,especially in some large and medium-sized farms,resulting in the increased degree of agricultural mechanization.In the past decades,the Huanghai Branch of Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.has been equipped with mechanization of agricultural production.In practical production,however,it is necessary to optimize resource allocation for the further improvement of agricultural production efficiency.Based on the statistics of various agricultural machinery in Huanghai Branch,we analyzed the mechanical operation process and agronomic technology of rice and wheat in the two seasons based on the natural conditions of Huanghai Branch and the status of agricultural mechanization production.In comparison,the technical advantage and improvement of the main tillage machinery,seeding machinery,fertilizing machinery,plant protection machinery and harvesting machinery of the Yellow Sea Branch were assessed.The factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural machinery were investigated,including the branch’s cultivation system,agricultural machinery supporting facilities and management system.The coordination problem of agricultural machinery and agronomy and the requirements of modern agricultural development were discussed in combination with the production of rice and wheat.The technical management improvement recommendations for the mechanized production of rice and wheat in Huanghai Branch were summarized.The main results are as follows:1.The mechanization degree of rice and wheat production in the Yellow Sea Branch has reached 98%,of which the mechanization degree of rice and wheat harvest is 100%,the mechanization degree of cultivated land preparation is 100%,the mechanization degree of sowing and fertilization is 100%,and the mechanization degree of rice and wheat cultivation is 100%.The degree of mechanization of planting and fertilization in rice fields is 90%,and the degree of mechanization of straw smashing is 100%.Taken together,the level of mechanization of rice and wheat production in the Yellow Sea branch needs to be further improved only in some production stages.2.Through a comprehensive analysis of growth stage of rice,wheat and barley,several problems were raised.There are too many processes of land preparation,which caused the destruction to the soil tillage layer and permeability.It is recommended to reduce or combine some of the operation items;the population of wheat/barley seeding is too large,which is not beneficial for the achievement of high yield.It is also suggested to reduce seed number at the appropriate sowing time.The suitable number of wheat seedlings is 1.8-2.4 million/hectare.Beyond the suitable sowing period,the basic seedlings per hectare needs to be increased 75,000 per day.Under the latest-sowing conditions,the basic seedling value should not exceed 90%of the appropriate spike value;the rice variety has been continuously selected for 7 years,which is not good for the construction of good quality.It is recommended to choose other varieties and replace it with new varieties with high quality and high yield in following 2-3 years.3.Through the analysis of the investment period and dosage of rice,wheat and barley fertilizers,it is proposed that the fertilization period needs to be improved.Presently,the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in high-yield fields in production is 5:1:2:2(base:tiller:jointing:booting),5:5 for nitrogen fertilizer and 4:6 for Huanghuai basin.The utilization efficiency of fertilizers could be improved with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer.it is one of the important ways to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization under the current conditions of reducing nitrogen,drugs and green efficient production.In order to pursue good quality,barley requires the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer application as 7:1:2(base fertilizer:tiller fertilizer:joint fertilizer).4.Through the analysis of the plant protection steps in the branch.The level and quality of mechanical operations need to be optimized.Particularly,it is necessary to issue relevant documents for building the workers’ responsibily.The prevention treatment and spraying efficiency requires improved.The pharmacy and the prevention and control machinery have to move gradually towards high quality and high standards;the new plant protection machinery and technology for modern agriculture remains to be reinforced.5.Through the analysis of the quality and efficiency of the harvesting machinery,it is recommended to standardize the harvesting quality,and reducing harvesting losses by formulating relevant standards according to different models and different field classifications.6.Through the questionnaire survey on the current system of agricultural machinery management in the branch,it could be found that the relevant agricultural machinery assessments is only for state-owned agricultural machinery and national contract staff,and lack of relevant assessment system for private agricultural machinery.The quality standards of agricultural machinery operations have not been traced back,many motorists and agricultural machinery workers have cut corners and the quality of operations has been reduced year by year.Private agricultural households and private agricultural machinery drivers are low-educated,with very weak awareness of production safety;while some state-owned agricultural machinery managers and motorists are aging;agricultural technicians have a relatively high cultural level.However,the staff number is insufficient,the mechanical operation skills are poor,the cultural level of the management of the brigade is relatively low,and the level of mechanical operation is limited.It is difficult to achieve a combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy.7.In conclusion,a few suggestions are as follows:(1)formulating relevant policies to promote the development of rice and wheat industry and improving the performance assessment system;(2)completing the modeling,upgrading and matching of machinery in the production and rough processing of rice and wheat;(3)promoting green cultivation techniques for high efficiency and good quality in of rice and wheat production,which are suitable for local ecological production conditions,agricultural machinery and equipment,light and simple application;(4)improving supporting policies,reinforcing the introduction and cultivation of talents and training agricultural machinery and agronomic operators;(5)establishing a fast and efficient information,intelligent management and production system;(6)promoting the rice and wheat industry and integrating production,processing and sales,aiming for higher profit.