Effect Of Ramie Itercropping Flax On Their Yield And Quality

Bast fiber crops are an important source of natural fibers in China.In recent decades,environmental pollution has become a serious threat to agriculture for example due to the large-scale utilization of plastic mulch films.However,bast fiber mulch films are increasingly favored by farmers because of their benefits in biodegradability and promoting decomposition of soil nutrients.While,high cost of production for bast fiber mulch film is the major limitation towards its large-scale utilization.To reduce its cost by increasing yield per unit area has become a great challenge to the bast fiber production industry.To meet the challenge,specifically giving a possible solution of flax lodging in Southern China,two experiments of ramie/flax intercropping,based on the growth characteristics of the two crops,were conducted separately during winter and spring 2016-2018.The first experiment was to set up six intercropping combinations(FY4||RH5,FYY3||RH5,FLY10||RH5,FZY3||RH5,FYY4||RH5,FTX3||RH5)using six different varieties of flax(FY4,FYY3,FLY10,FZY3,FYY4,FTX3)and ramie(HuaZhu 5,RH5).The effects of intercropping combinations on agronomic characters,yields and quality of ramie,and flax were studied.In Experiment 2,the above-ground biomass of ramie and flax,the quality of ramie,and the underground changes of rhizospheric microorganisms were preliminarily studied by adjusting flax sowing time(October 26,October 31,November 5,November 10)and spraying paclobutrazol at three growth stages viz.,fir-shaped stage,rapid growth stage and squaring..Research results of the above two experiments would probably provide theoretical foundation for lodging-resistant and high-yielded flax cultivation in the winter fellow fields of Southern China through the exploration of cultivation techniques of mature ramie intercropping in winter and spring.The main findings of the research are as follows:1.FYY3||Rh5 was the best intercropping combination due to higher total fiber yield,reaching 1608.68 kg/hm2,and the total harvest index was the highest too.The yields of ramie first、secondand third crop(new ramie orchard)differed greatly,with maximum(740.67 kg/hm2)and minimum(97.87 kg/hm2).With the advance of harvest season,the yield of first ramie,second ramie and third rame increased first and decreased,and there were significant differences among different intercropping combinations of cephalosporin.In terms of biomass,the performance of second ramie and third ramie was significantly better than that of first ramie,and the performance of Erma FYY3||RH5 was remarkably better than that of F TX3||RHs.Intercropping has certain effects on quality of ramie fibers.Ramie fibers form second and third crop were of good quality.Different intercropping combinations have no significant effect on the single fiber strength of ramie,but have significant effect on breaking elongation ratio and fiber diameter of single ramie fiber.The gum content of cephalosporin fibers was higher than that of second ramie and third ramie.With the advance of harvest season,the plant height and stem diameter of ramie increased gradually.The fresh bark and stem weight,bark thickness and the rate of fresh stem ramie yield of cephalosporin were increased.Ramie yield of fresh peel was significantly lower than that of secondramie and rhird ramie,and there were significant differences in the thickness of the peel between different intercropping treatments of Cephalosporin.Intercropping had a certain effect on the yield-related indicators and agronomic traits of flax.The stem weight per plant,biomass and stem yield of FLY10||RH5 treatment were better than those of other intercropping treatments.The yield of protoplast reached 180 kg/hm2,and there was no significant difference among the other intercropping treatments.The yield of ramie was positively correlated with biomass and fresh bark weight,while the yield of flax was positively correlated with stem weight per plant and capsule numbers per plant.2.When flax was sown on10th of November and sprayed with Paclobutrazol at fast growing stage,the total fiber yield of the intercropping treatment was highest,reaching 2587.5 kg/hm2,and total harvest index was also the highest.Sowing date of flax has significant effect on the yield of ramie first and second crop,with maximum being 890 kg/hm2 and 925 kg/hm2.Sowing date and Paclobutrazol treatment has significant effects on flax protoplast yield;the highest was 460 kg/hm2.With the advancement of flax sowing date and Paclobutrazol treatment period,the yield of ramie cephalosporin increased gradually,but there was no significant change in biomass.The yield of raw ramie treated with P3(Nov.5)and P4(Nov.10)was significantly higher than that of treated with other sowing dates,and there was no significant change in the biomass of second ramie and third ramie.When flax was sown on 10th of November,the plant height and stem diameter of ramie were maximum,while the effect of Paclobutrazol on the plant height and stem diameter of ramie was not obvious at different time.Flax sowing date has significant effect on the bark thickness of ramie head,while the effect of Paclobutrazol treatment on the fresh stem weight of ramie head was more higher With the delay of the treatment period of paclobutrazol,the fresh stem weight gradually increased,and the ramie head weight increased between different treatments.However,there was no significant change in fibre gum content.When flax was sown on 5th and 10th of November,the lodging rate of polyclobutrazol sprayed on fir-shaped stage was 6.25%and 5.2%,which indicated that the effect of polyclobutrazol spraying on controlling flax lodging was the best in early November sowing and fir-shaped stage.There was a significant positive correlation between raw ramie yield and fresh stem weight and biomass,and fresh bark weight in ramie,and a significant positive correlation between fresh bark weight and raw ramie yield in second ramie.There was a very significant positive correlation between flax protophyte yield and flax biomass,technological length and stem diameter.The rhizospheric soil of ramie-flax belongs to 50 phyla,63 classes,142 orders,293 families,508 genera and 681 species.Among them,Proteus,Bacteroides,Bacillus,Actinomycetes and Acidobacteria are widely distributed,accounting for 81.15%-85.67%of the total bacteria.There were some differences in Shannon index under different treatments.Under the sowing date of P2(October 26),Shannon index decreased gradually with the delaying of spraying period of PP333,but Simpson index had no obvious difference.YiYa 3 was more suitable for intercropping with ramie to increase the total fiber yield per unit area.Based on Intercropping with ramie,flax was sown in early November and sprayed with Paclobutrazol in its rapid growth and budding stages was more suitable.