Effects Of Separated Layer Phosphorus Fertilizer On Yield And Phosphorus Utilization Of Winter Wheat

The study's purpose was to verify the regulative effect of layered strip application of phosphate fertilization on the yield of winter wheat,and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency,innovative the high-yield and efficient fertilization technology.The experiment selected the high-yield wheat named Shannong 32 and the planting region was in Xuanzhuang Village,Daolang Town,Tai'an City,Shandong Province during 2016-2018.T1 was the control group that had no phosphate fertilizer in the growth period and the other treatments had the same phosphate fertilizer amount.The phosphate fertilizer of T2,T3 and T4 were adopted single-layer banding and the depth of the phosphate fertilization were 8 cm,16 cm and 24 cm,respectively.The phosphate fertilizer of T5,T6,T7 were layered banding and the fertilizing depth were 8 cm,16 cm,24 cm and the proportion of the amount of fertilizer in these three depth were 1:2:3(T5),1:2:1(T6),1:1:1(T7).The main findings are as follows:1.The effect of different treatments on soil phosphorus supplying strengthIn the depth range of 0-24 cm,the average soil water content of each layer in winter wheat growing season increased with the increase of soil depth.The bioavailability of soil phosphorus increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application depth.The content of available phosphorus in 8-16 cm soil layer of T3 and T6 treatments was 51.0%-113.0% higher than that of other treatments.The correlation analysis showed that the content of available phosphorus and the total amount of available inorganic phosphorus in 8-16 cm soil layer at flowering stage were positively correlated with the accumulation of phosphorus above ground and grain yield.The results showed that increasing the phosphorus supply intensity of 8-16 cm soil layer was conducive to the accumulation of phosphorus in the above-ground part of winter wheat at flowering stage and the increase of grain yield.2.Effects of different treatments on root disttibution and physiological characteristics of winter wheatProper deep application of phosphorus fertilizer or rational distribution of phosphorusfertilizer in different soil layers are beneficial to optimizing root morphology and distribution of winter wheat.Compared with T2 treatment,T3 and T6 treatment significantly promoted root penetration.Compared with other treatments,the root length density and root surface area density of 8-16 cm soil layer increased significantly,and the average root diameter decreased significantly by 10.2-16.5%.Phosphorus application increased root activity in 0-40 cm soil layer after anthesis of winter wheat.Phosphorus fertilizer application at 8 cm depth had no significant effect on increasing root activity in 0-8 cm soil layer.Deep application of phosphorus could increase root activity in 8-40 cm soil layer.T3 and T6 treatments increased root activity more significantly in 8-16 cm soil layer.3.The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic fluorescence and senescence characteristics of flag leaves of winter wheat after anthesisThe SOD,CAT activity,soluble protein content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and actual photochemical efficiency(PSII)of flag leaves treated with T3 were significantly higher than those treated with T2 and T4 after blooming,while MDA content of flag leaves treated with T3 was significantly lower than those treated with T2 and T4 14-28 days after blooming.Compared with T3 treatment,there were no significant differences in SOD,CAT activity and soluble protein content in Flag Leaves of winter wheat after anthesis.The results showed that single-layer application of phosphorus fertilizer in the depth of 16 cm soil layer or layered application in 8,16 and 24 cm soil layer at the ratio of 1:2:1 could improve the antioxidant enzymes ability of winter wheat flag leaves and promote photosynthetic assimilation.4.Effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheatCompared with single-layer strip application of phosphorus fertilizer,the population number of winter wheat increased significantly after jointing with the increase of phosphorus application depth.The single stem weight and dry matter mass of population from flowering to maturity were T3 > T2 and T4,and the assimilation of dry matter after flowering and its contribution to grains in T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in T2 and T4 treatment by 15.7%-38.8% and 6.8%-13.7%.Compared with the treatment of layered strips of phosphate fertilizer,the number of population after T5 and T7 treatment was significantly higher than that of T6 treatment of5.5%-10.5%.The single stem weight and dry matter of population from flowering to maturity were T6 > T5 and T7.Increasing the application of phosphorus in 16 cm soil layer is beneficial to the rapid accumulation of dry matter after jointing and keeps the dry matter accumulation at a high level from flowering to maturity.T3 and T6 treatments significantly increased the number of population after jointing by6.1%-8.0%,but decreased by 5.0%-10.9% compared with T4,T5 and T7 treatments.After flowering,the single stem weight and dry matter weight of T3 and T6 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments by 12.4%-21.0% and 5.3%-11.9%.After flowering,the assimilation of dry matter and its contribution to grains,and the distribution of dry matter in leaves,stems + leaf sheaths and grains at maturity.It also improved significantly.5.Effects of different treatments on yield and phosphorus utilization of winter wheatCompared with single-layer strip application of phosphorus fertilizer,the number of ears of winter wheat increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application depth.The number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight increased first and then decreased.The number of panicles per panicle and 1000-grain weight in T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in T2 and T4 treatment,and grain yield increased by 28.7%-31.0%.Compared with T5 and T7 treatments,T6 treatments had the highest grain yield.The number of panicles decreased significantly by 5.6%-10.5% in T6 treatment,and the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased significantly by 5.2%-16.2%.There was no significant difference between T5 and T7 treatments.Phosphorus uptake efficiency and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer in T3 and T6 treatments were the highest,and there was no significant difference between them.