Control Of Bitter Gourd Wilt By Trichoderma Asperellum And Varieties Of Momordica Charantia

Bitter gourd is a kind of summer and autumn vegetable widely planted in China.It is loved by people because of its rich nutrition,unique flavor and medical and health care functions.The way of large-scale planting for years makes the soil of bitter gourd plantation accumulate a large number of soil-borne pathogens,and the Fusarium wilt is becoming more and more serious.Bitter gourd Fusarium wilt is a fungal soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum.It spreads quickly,causes serious harm and is difficult to control.A lot of losses is cause in agricultural production.The effects of Trichoderma asperellum MX and Momordica charantia on defense enzyme activity,chlorophyll content,root activity and soluble sugar contet of Momordica charantia were studied.The results were as follows:Experiments in pot of Trichoderma asperellum MX strain and different varieties of bitter gourd showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and fresh weight of high susceptible varieties treated with Trichoderma preparations(41+MX)and high susceptible variety,treated without Trichoderma preparations as control(41)increased by 21.05%,10.10%,9.84% and 20.58%,respectively.The dry weight and fresh weight of moderately resistant variety treated with Trichoderma preparations(39+MX)increased by 39.71% and21.95% respectively compared with the control(39)treated without Trichoderma preparations.Leaf area and fresh weight of high resistant variety treated with Trichoderma preparations(53+MX)were significantly higher than those of high resistant varieties(53)treated without Trichoderma preparations.In summer,Trichoderma asperellum could promote the growth of bitter gourd varieties with different resistance to Fusarium wilt,and make the bitter gourd seedlings more vigorous.The results of experiment in pot of Trichoderma asperellum strain MX and different varieties of bitter gourd showed that the incidence and disease index of 41-CK treatment group were the highest,and the disease index was 84.80.Treatment with Trichoderma preparation(53+MX)had the best control effect on bitter gourd Fusarium wilt,up to 94.53%.The disease index of moderately resistant variety treated with Trichoderma preparation(39+MX)was 16.18,and the control effect was 80.87%.It can be seen that the control effect of resistant varieties including 39 and 53 was better than susceptible 41-CK,and application of Trichoderma was helpful to improve the control effect of different varieties of bitter gourd on Fusarium wilt.The results of disease control test in the field and yield determination of Trichoderma asperellum strain MX and different varieties of bitter gourd showed that the incidence of Fusarium wilt was lower in high and medium resistant varieties of bitter gourd than in high susceptible varieties.After treatment with strain MX,the disease control effect of the three varieties of bitter gourd was higher than that of the control treatment.Trichoderma asperellum could increase the yield of bitter gourd varieties with different resistance.From the effects of Trichoderma asperellum on defense enzymes,disease-related proteins,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and root activity of different bitter gourd varieties seedlings,it was found that the overall trend in the same treatment was that the enzymes activities,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and root activity of treatment53 with high-resistant bitter gourd varieties were higher than those of treatment 39 with medium-resistant bitter gourd varieties,and the enzymes activities,chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of treatment 39 with medium-resistant bitter gourd varieties were higher than that of susceptible bitter gourd cultivar 41.The enzymes activities,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and root activity of the same cultivars in different transplanting periods were higher than those of CK treatments when bitter gourd seedlings treated with Trichoderma preparation(MX).Strain MX could significantly increase the chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and root activity of bitter gourd.In conclusion,the combination of Trichoderma asperellum strain MX and different varieties of bitter gourd can achieve better control effect and promote the growth and yield of bitter gourd.It has a good prospect of development and application.At the same time,the effect of Trichoderma asperellum strain MX on the different varieties of bitter gourd targeting Fusarium wilt can provide theoretical basis for the control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd.