Development And Application Of Marker For Soybean Yield Related Traits

Soybean is one of the most important crops in China.The total soybean yield in China is not enough to feet with the requirement of society.How to increase the soybean yield without use more field is a problem to should be solved.The yield of soybean is closely related to other agronomic traits,including seed weight per plant,seed and pod weight,100-seed weight.However,the seed weight can be divided into three traits,such as seed length,seed width and seed high.There are few researches focus on the seed trait of soybean,and fewer effective markers were found than other crops.To solve this problem,we analysis the seed trait data of last years and recent years.The gene locus and markers underlying seed length and seed width were identified.Charleston,an American semi-dwarf soybean cultivar,was used as female parent and Dongnong 594,a high protein soybean variety of Northeast Agricultural University,as male parent and its 147 strains recombinant inbred lines were used as experimental materials.The material test was planted from 2006 to 2016,and the data of seed length and seed width were obtained from the field experiments of nine years.The genetic analysis of the data was carried out by using the SEA software developed by Prof.Gai of Nanjing agricultural university.The inheritance of soybean grain characters was further studied by separating and analyzing the main gene and polygene hybrid genetic model.Combined with molecular marker technology,the interaction sites that may affect the seed length and seed width were predicted.The results were as following:1.Acquisition and processing of phenotypic dataThe test materials were 147 individuals in the RIL population,repeated twice from 2006 to 2007,and repeated three times from 2008 to 2010 and 2013 to 2016,and the field management method was the same as that in the general field.At the time of harvest,five plants were uniformly selected from the middle section of each row,and 10 representative seeds were selected for each plant for seed length and seed width measurement.After the data statistics were completed,the abnormal data is filtered out by the 3σ principle,the data is filled by the EM method,and the basic statistics such as the maximum value,the minimum value,the average value,the kurtosis and the partial peak are calculated by using an Excel spreadsheet.From the results,the seed length and seed width showed a typical quantitative genetic pattern,which was approximately normal continuous distribution.The maximum seed length appeared in 2009,the maximum value was 8.9 mm.The minimum value of grain length appeared in 2009 and 2014,and the minimum value of these two years was 5.9 mm,and the average value was between 6.5 and 7.3 mm.The maximum grain width appears in 2009,the maximum is 6.0 mm,the minimum appears in 2008,the minimum is 4.6 mm,and the average is between 5.6 and 6.8 mm.2.Quantitative traits genetic analysisUsing the SEA software developed by using the SEA software developed by Prof.Gai of Nanjing agricultural university.A total of 360 genetic models were obtained,among which 18 were optimal models,and five years of grain length traits were consistent with two main effects.There were three years of high major genetic inheritance rate,four years of medium major genetic inheritance rate,two year of low major genetic inheritance rate.There are two vintage models of grain width traits that are consistent with the two major gene inheritances;one year has a higher heritability of the main gene,the four years have a medium genetic rate,and the three years have a lower genetic rate.3.Interaction site predictionAccording to the interaction relationship between non-allelic-genes-gene interaction,147 individuals in the RIL population were analyzed by SSR to obtain 11 pairs of grain length trait interaction sites and 6 pairs of grain width trait interaction sites.In order to further predict the interaction sites,the interaction sites were scanned using 5308 SNP sites in the simplified genome sequencing of the descendants of the RIL population.A total of 286 pairs of SNP interaction sites were obtained of grain length,and a total of 347 pairs of SNP interaction sites were obtained of grain wide.To use in these identified markers in molecular assistant breeding,the soybean varieties with wild soybean genomic segment derived from chromosome segment substituted lines of wild soybean,were used to confirm our results.By compare the result with the substituted segment,the SNP markers on Block1655,Block1659,and Block3322 can be used in molecular breeding.Especially,the SNP located on the Block3322 play a pivotal role underlying seed width.These results is actual method can be used in molecular assistant breeding.