Covering Crop Diversity On Kiwifruit Soil Ecological Environment

Clean tillage is usually used in orchards in China,but long-term clean tillage will lead to bare surface of orchards,affect soil fertility,and reduce the diversity of soil microbial communities.Planting herbaceous plants among orchards can improve soil stability and fertility and optimize the ecological environment of orchards.Therefore,different combinations of grasses were set up,including 2 kinds of grasses(Trifolium repens L +Lolium perenne L),4 kinds of grasses(Trifolium repens L + Lolium perenne L + Trifolium pratense L + Poa annua L),8 kinds of grasses(Trifolium repens L + Lolium perenne L +Trifolium pratense L + Poa annua L + Vicia villosa Roth + Festuca rubra L + Zinnia elegans Jacq + Cosmos bipinnata Cav);natural grass to study the effects of planting grasses on the physical and chemical properties,microbial and enzyme activities and arthropod community diversity of soil in kiwifruit orchards.The main results were as follows:1.Covering crops can regulate soil p H,increase soil organic matter and available phosphorus content,and significantly increase total nitrogen content.After the orchard covers the crop,the treatment of the four grasses can effectively reduce the soil temperature;The content of soil water in the treatment with 4 kinds of grasses increased by 54.18%.2.The soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity were improved after covering crops in kiwifruit orchards.The results showed that the order of AWCD value was 4 kinds of grass > 8kinds of grass > 2 kinds of grass > CK at 96 hours of incubation,which indicated that the four kinds of grass treatments had the strongest ability to improve microbial carbon utilization and had a positive effect on improving soil microbial diversity.Soil alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the treatments of 4 kinds of grasses and 8 kinds of grasses.3.The richness and number of arthropods in the area covered with crops in kiwifruit orchard were higher than those of natural herbage treatment.There existed significant difference in the number of individuals among different treatments: 4 kinds of herbage treatments > 8 kinds of herbage treatments > 2 kinds of herbage treatments > natural grass.The seasonal change of diversity index of arthropods in the natural grass area was larger than that in the covered crop treatment area,and there were also differences among different treatments.By studying the effects of mulching crops on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microorganisms,enzyme activities and arthropod communities in kiwifruit orchards,the optimal covering treatment was 4 kinds of grasses(Trifolium repens L + Lolium perenne L +Trifolium pratense L + Poa annua L).